The Hope Clinic of the Emory Vaccine Research Center, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, and.
Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
JCI Insight. 2024 Nov 8;9(21):e181720. doi: 10.1172/jci.insight.181720.
Crosstalk between the microbiome and gut mucosa-resident immune cells plays a pivotal role in modulating immune responses to pathogens, including responses to HIV infection. However, how these interactions may differ between young men who have sex with men (YMSM) disproportionately impacted by HIV, as compared with older adult MSM (AMSM), is not well understood. A broad analysis of associations between the microbiome and rectal transcriptome revealed 10 microbial families/genera correlated with immunologic gene pathways. Specifically, the rectal transcriptome of YMSM was characterized by upregulation of T cell activation/differentiation pathways and signaling from multiple cytokine families compared with AMSM. The microbiome of YMSM was enriched with pathogenic genera, including Peptostreptococcus, shown to be positively correlated with type I IFN pathways important for antiviral immunity. These findings demonstrate that YMSM have a unique immune phenotype and rectal microenvironment and support further evaluation of biological factors that influence rectal HIV transmission.
肠道微生物组与肠道黏膜固有免疫细胞之间的相互作用在调节对病原体（包括 HIV 感染）的免疫反应方面发挥着关键作用。然而，与年龄较大的男男性接触者（AMSM）相比，在 HIV 感染比例过高的男男性接触者（YMSM）中，这些相互作用可能有何不同尚不清楚。对微生物组与直肠转录组之间关联的广泛分析显示，有 10 个微生物家族/属与免疫基因途径相关。具体而言，与 AMSM 相比，YMSM 的直肠转录组表现为 T 细胞激活/分化途径以及多种细胞因子家族信号的上调。YMSM 的微生物组富含包括消化链球菌属在内的致病性属，已证明其与抗病毒免疫中重要的 I 型 IFN 途径呈正相关。这些发现表明，YMSM 具有独特的免疫表型和直肠微环境，并支持进一步评估影响直肠 HIV 传播的生物学因素。
