In vitro anti-inflammatory, anticancer effects and phytochemical characterisation of organic extracts from Colleg. ex Boiss.

Natural extract plays a crucial role in our lives, major compound in the n-hexane (AR-H) and the ethyl acetate (AR-E) extracts was n-hexadecanoic acid, and of the methanol extract (AR-M) was pentacosane. The AR-M extract had a strong ability to induce mRNA expression of an inflammatory cytokine, IL-6, as an M1-like macrophage subset compared to the negative control (DMSO-treated cells). In contrast, AR-E treatment showed strong anti-inflammatory activity against macrophages. The AR-H extract had a moderate inflammatory effect against macrophages. The IC50 results of the anticancer assays ranged from 58.29 to 451.03 μg/mL for the three extracts. The anticancer action of the AR-E extract against U-87MG cells was higher (58.29 μg/mL) than that of AR-H and AR-M (156.38 and 196.14 μg/mL, respectively). The greater cytotoxicity effect observed with the AR-E extract against U-87MG can be linked to its high content of hexadecanoic acid (32.49%) and linolenic acid (12.90%).