State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology and MOE Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China.
Proc Biol Sci. 2024 Oct;291(2032):20241605. doi: 10.1098/RSPB.2024.1605. Epub 2024 Oct 2.
Evolutionary rescue occurs when populations survive lethal environmental stresses through the rising and fixation of tolerant genotypes. Temperature has long been believed to determine the evolutionary speed of populations and species. Here, we suggest that warmer temperatures can facilitate evolutionary rescue. Moreover, with dispersal among habitats, the advantage in evolutionary rescue for warmer populations may cause a bias in habitat colonization dynamics towards the warm-to-cold direction. We experimentally tested these hypotheses with a model microbial system. Our first experiment showed that bacterial populations at warmer temperatures had a greater chance to evolve resistance and escape the fate of extinction under an antibiotic treatment. In the second experiment, metapopulations that consisted of warm and cold habitats were exposed to the antibiotic stress; local populations that went extinct might be recolonized, and such recolonization events were biased to the warm-to-cold direction. We also examined possible mechanisms underlying the temperature effect on the rapid evolution of resistance in our study system. Our results may help to understand the mechanisms of maintenance of biodiversity and patterns of gene flow among climatic regions, particularly in pest species subject to chemical control treatments.
当种群通过容忍基因型的出现和固定来幸存致命的环境压力时，就会发生进化拯救。长期以来，人们一直认为温度决定了种群和物种的进化速度。在这里，我们提出温暖的温度可以促进进化拯救。此外，由于栖息地之间的扩散，温暖种群在进化拯救方面的优势可能会导致栖息地殖民动态朝着温暖到寒冷的方向发生偏差。我们用一个模型微生物系统实验测试了这些假设。我们的第一个实验表明，在抗生素处理下，温暖温度下的细菌种群更有可能进化出抗性并逃脱灭绝的命运。在第二个实验中，由温暖和寒冷栖息地组成的复合种群暴露于抗生素胁迫下；可能会有灭绝的本地种群被重新殖民，而这种重新殖民事件偏向于温暖到寒冷的方向。我们还研究了我们的研究系统中温度对快速进化抗性的可能机制。我们的研究结果可能有助于理解生物多样性维持的机制和气候区域之间基因流动的模式，特别是在受到化学控制处理的害虫物种中。
