Clark Tristan W, Tregoning John S, Lister Helen, Poletti Tiziano, Amin Femy, Nguyen-Van-Tam Jonathan S
School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2024 Dec 10;37(4):e0002524. doi: 10.1128/cmr.00025-24. Epub 2024 Oct 3.
SUMMARYIn the United Kingdom (UK) in 2022/23, influenza virus infections returned to the levels recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic, exerting a substantial burden on an already stretched National Health Service (NHS) through increased primary and emergency care visits and subsequent hospitalizations. Population groups ≤4 years and ≥65 years of age, and those with underlying health conditions, are at the greatest risk of influenza-related hospitalization. Recent advances in influenza virus vaccine technologies may help to mitigate this burden. This review aims to summarize advances in the influenza virus vaccine landscape by describing the different technologies that are currently in use in the UK and more widely. The review also describes vaccine technologies that are under development, including mRNA, and universal influenza virus vaccines which aim to provide broader or increased protection. This is an exciting and important era for influenza virus vaccinations, and advances are critical to protect against a disease that still exerts a substantial burden across all populations and disproportionately impacts the most vulnerable, despite it being over 80 years since the first influenza virus vaccines were deployed.
摘要
在2022/23年度的英国，流感病毒感染率恢复到了新冠疫情之前的水平，通过增加基层医疗和急诊就诊以及随后的住院治疗，给本就不堪重负的国民医疗服务体系（NHS）带来了沉重负担。年龄≤4岁和≥65岁的人群以及有基础健康状况的人群，患流感相关住院的风险最高。流感病毒疫苗技术的最新进展可能有助于减轻这一负担。本综述旨在通过描述英国及更广泛地区目前正在使用的不同技术，总结流感病毒疫苗领域的进展。该综述还介绍了正在研发的疫苗技术，包括信使核糖核酸（mRNA）以及旨在提供更广泛或更强保护的通用流感病毒疫苗。对于流感病毒疫苗接种来说，这是一个令人兴奋且重要的时代，尽管自首批流感病毒疫苗投入使用已过去80多年，但这些进展对于预防一种仍在所有人群中造成沉重负担且对最脆弱人群影响尤为严重的疾病至关重要。
