College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
College of Horticulture, Ludong University, 264025, Yantai, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 3;14(1):22990. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-72899-7.
Straw turnover plays an important role in reducing soil diseases, improving the ecological environment of plowland and realizing the effective ecological utilization of straw.
Pot and field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of maize, rice and wheat straws on the growth, clubroot disease of Chinese cabbage and soil nutrients. Undecomposed and decomposed maize, rice and wheat straws were quantitatively added to the monocultural soil of Chinese cabbage, and the crops without straw were taken as the control.
The results showed that the addition of maize, wheat and rice straws could promote the growth of monocultural Chinese cabbage, inhibit the occurrence of clubroot disease, increase soil pH value, the content of soil organic matter, alkaline hydrolyzable nitrogen and available potassium in pot experiment. Exogenous straw application could reduce the incidence rate by 22.54 ~ 47.85%, increase the plot yield of field 95.15 ~ 365.81%.
In terms of inhibiting clubroot disease and improving soil properties, undecomposed rice straw is superior to maize and wheat straw, while decomposed maize straw is superior to rice and wheat straw.
秸秆翻埋在减少土传病害、改善农田生态环境和实现秸秆有效生态利用方面发挥着重要作用。
采用盆栽和田间试验，研究了玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆对小白菜生长、根肿病及土壤养分的影响。在小白菜单作土壤中定量添加未分解和分解的玉米、水稻和小麦秸秆，以不添加秸秆的作物作为对照。
结果表明，添加玉米、小麦和水稻秸秆可促进单作小白菜的生长，抑制根肿病的发生，增加盆栽试验土壤 pH 值、土壤有机质、碱解氮和速效钾含量。外源秸秆的施用可使发病率降低 22.54%47.85%，使田间小区产量增加 95.15%365.81%。
就抑制根肿病和改善土壤性质而言，未分解的水稻秸秆优于玉米和小麦秸秆，而分解的玉米秸秆优于水稻和小麦秸秆。
