Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, 450003, China.
BMC Plant Biol. 2024 Oct 7;24(1):929. doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05645-w.
Flowering plant (angiosperm) mitochondrial genomes are remarkably dynamic in their structures. We present the complete mitochondrial genome of hawthorn (Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge), a shrub that bears fruit and is celebrated for its extensive medicinal history. We successfully assembled the hawthorn mitogenome utilizing the PacBio long-read sequencing technique, which yielded 799,862 reads, and the Illumina novaseq6000 sequencing platform, which producing 6.6 million raw paired reads. The C. pinnatifida mitochondria sequences encompassed a total length of 440,295 bp with a GC content of 45.42%. The genome annotates 54 genes, including 34 that encode proteins, 17 that encode tRNA, and three genes for rRNA. A fascinating interplay was observed between the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, which share 17 homologous sequences sequences that rotal 1,933 bp. A total of 134 SSRs, 22 tandem repeats and 42 dispersed repeats were identified in the mitogenome. Four conformations of C. pinnatifida mitochondria sequences recombination were verified through PCR experiments and Sanger sequencing, and C. pinnatifida mitogenome is more likely to be assembled into three circular-mapping chromosomes. All the RNA editing sites that were identified C-U edits, which predominantly occurred at the first and second positions of the codons. Phylogenetic and collinearity analyses identified the evolutionary trajectory of C. pinnatifida, which reinforced the genetic identity of the hawthorn section. This unveiling of the unique multi-partite structure of the hawthorn mitogenome offers a foundational reference for future study into the evolution and genetics of C. pinnatifida.
开花植物（被子植物）的线粒体基因组在结构上非常活跃。我们呈现了山楂（Crataegus pinnatifida Bunge）的完整线粒体基因组，山楂是一种结出果实的灌木，因其广泛的药用历史而备受赞誉。我们成功地利用 PacBio 长读测序技术组装了山楂的线粒体基因组，该技术产生了 799,862 条reads，以及 Illumina novaseq6000 测序平台，产生了 660 万条原始配对 reads。C. pinnatifida 线粒体序列总长度为 440,295 bp，GC 含量为 45.42%。基因组注释了 54 个基因，包括 34 个编码蛋白的基因、17 个编码 tRNA 的基因和 3 个编码 rRNA 的基因。叶绿体和线粒体基因组之间存在着一种有趣的相互作用，它们共享 17 个同源序列，总长度为 1,933 bp。在线粒体基因组中总共鉴定出 134 个 SSRs、22 个串联重复和 42 个分散重复。通过 PCR 实验和 Sanger 测序验证了 C. pinnatifida 线粒体序列重组的四种构象，并且 C. pinnatifida 线粒体基因组更有可能组装成三个环状映射染色体。所有鉴定出的 C-U 编辑位点都是 RNA 编辑，主要发生在密码子的第一和第二位。系统发育和共线性分析确定了 C. pinnatifida 的进化轨迹，这加强了山楂属的遗传同一性。山楂线粒体基因组独特的多部分结构的揭示为未来研究 C. pinnatifida 的进化和遗传学提供了基础参考。
