年轻体操运动员身体因素与损伤发生的关系
Relationship of Physical Factors to the Occurrence of Injuries in Young Gymnasts.
作者信息
Kobayashi Yuria, Nagano Yasuharu, Suzukawa Makoto
机构信息
Yokohama Sports Medical Center.
Japan Women's College of Physical Education.
出版信息
Int J Sports Phys Ther. 2024 Oct 1;19(10):1216-1227. doi: 10.26603/001c.123475. eCollection 2024.
BACKGROUND
There is a large population of young athletes who participate in gymnastics, and the prevention of injury in junior athletes is considered important. However, few studies have prospectively investigated the relationship between physical factors and the occurrence of injury.
PURPOSE
To investigate the physical characteristics that are factors in the injury occurrence in elementary and junior high school gymnasts.
STUDY DESIGN
Prospective observational study.
METHODS
A total of 36 healthy young gymnasts (at national competition level) were enrolled in the study. Once a week for 23 weeks, injuries were prospectively investigated using self-report questionnaires under the supervision of a research staff. Joint range of motion (hip, ankle, shoulder, and wrist), tightness (Thomas test, Ely test, straight leg raise [SLR], triceps surae, combined abduction test [CAT], horizontal flexion test [HFT]), and muscle elasticity (multifidus) were assessed to compare differences in physical function between injured and non-injured participants.
RESULTS
Injuries occurred most commonly in the wrist (42.1%), lower back (30.2%), and foot (9.5%) among males, whereas heel (22.2%), knee (16.0%), and lower back (12.8%) were the most common injury sites among females. Wrist injuries in male athletes showed decreased shoulder joint range of motion, and lower back injuries showed decreased hip and shoulder joint range of motion. Lower back injuries in female athletes showed decreased hip extension mobility. Heel and knee joint injuries in females also showed increased range of motion and decreased tightness.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study indicate that the factors related to flexibility differ according to injury location. Further studies are required to clarify the physical factors that influence injury occurrence by examining the effects of the gymnasts' muscle strength, age, individual factors, and left-right differences.
LEVEL OF EVIDENCE
背景
有大量年轻运动员参与体操运动，预防青少年运动员受伤被认为很重要。然而，很少有研究前瞻性地调查身体因素与受伤发生之间的关系。
目的
调查小学和初中体操运动员中作为受伤发生因素的身体特征。
研究设计
前瞻性观察研究。
方法
总共36名健康的年轻体操运动员（国家级比赛水平）参与了本研究。在研究人员的监督下，连续23周每周一次使用自我报告问卷前瞻性地调查受伤情况。评估关节活动范围（髋、踝、肩和腕）、紧张度（托马斯试验、伊利试验、直腿抬高试验、小腿三头肌、联合外展试验、水平屈曲试验）和肌肉弹性（多裂肌），以比较受伤和未受伤参与者之间身体功能的差异。
结果
男性中受伤最常见的部位是腕部（42.1%）、下背部（30.2%）和足部（9.5%），而女性中最常见的受伤部位是足跟（22.2%）、膝部（16.0%）和下背部（12.8%）。男性运动员的腕部受伤表现为肩关节活动范围减小，下背部受伤表现为髋和肩关节活动范围减小。女性运动员的下背部受伤表现为髋伸展活动度减小。女性的足跟和膝关节受伤也表现为活动范围增加和紧张度降低。
结论
本研究结果表明，与柔韧性相关的因素因受伤部位而异。需要进一步研究通过检查体操运动员的肌肉力量、年龄、个体因素和左右差异的影响来阐明影响受伤发生的身体因素。
证据水平
3级。
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