Descollonges Maël, Chaney Rémi, Garnier Philippe, Prigent-Tessier Anne, Brugniaux Julien V, Deley Gaëlle
INSERM UMR 1093 - Laboratoire CAPS, « Cognition, Action et Plasticité Sensorimotrice », Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, France.
Kurage, Lyon, France.
Front Physiol. 2024 Sep 20;15:1464326. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1464326. eCollection 2024.
An increasing body of evidence confirms the effectiveness of physical exercise (PE) in promoting brain health by preventing age-related cognitive decline and reducing the risk of neurodegenerative diseases. The benefits of PE are attributed to neuroplasticity processes which have been reported to enhance cerebral health. However, moderate to high-intensity PE is necessary to induce these responses and these intensities cannot always be achieved especially by people with physical limitations. As a countermeasure, electrical stimulation (ES) offers several benefits, particularly for improving physical functions, for various neurological diseases. This review aims to provide an overview of key mechanisms that could contribute to the enhancement in brain health in response to ES-induced exercise, including increases in cerebral blood flow, neuronal activity, and humoral pathways. This narrative review also focuses on the effects of ES protocols, applied to both humans and animals, on cognition. Despite a certain paucity of research when compared to the more classical aerobic exercise, it seems that ES could be of interest for improving cerebral health, particularly in people who have difficulty engaging in voluntary exercise.
越来越多的证据证实体育锻炼（PE）通过预防与年龄相关的认知衰退和降低神经退行性疾病的风险来促进大脑健康的有效性。体育锻炼的益处归因于据报道可增强大脑健康的神经可塑性过程。然而，需要中等至高强度的体育锻炼来引发这些反应，而这些强度并非总能实现，尤其是对于有身体限制的人。作为一种对策，电刺激（ES）有诸多益处，特别是对于改善各种神经疾病的身体功能。本综述旨在概述可能有助于因电刺激诱导的锻炼而增强大脑健康的关键机制，包括脑血流量增加、神经元活动和体液途径。这篇叙述性综述还关注应用于人类和动物的电刺激方案对认知的影响。尽管与更传统的有氧运动相比研究相对较少，但似乎电刺激对于改善大脑健康可能是有益的，特别是对于难以进行自主锻炼的人。
