Srivastava Kajal, Rathod Hetal, Borgaonkar Chaitali, Rathi Manisha, R Akhil, Sujanyal Saurabh
Community Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND.
Physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil College of Physiotherapy, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, IND.
Cureus. 2024 Sep 4;16(9):e68635. doi: 10.7759/cureus.68635. eCollection 2024 Sep.
Introduction Adults with diabetes have an increased risk of hypertension, heart attack, and stroke than those without diabetes. Diagnosing prediabetes at an early stage can significantly reduce the risk of diabetes through simple interventions such as lifestyle modifications. Lifestyle modifications such as weight loss combined with regular physical exercise and a healthy diet can help delay or prevent the progression of diabetes. This study aims to estimate the prevalence of prediabetes among the urban slum population and to assess the effect of lifestyle modifications on blood sugar levels, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile among the participants. Methods A quasi-experimental field study was conducted among the urban slum population. Participants were randomly selected from previous health screening data. Pre-intervention blood evaluations were performed, and those who fulfilled the criteria were enrolled for interventions. The follow-up period lasted three months and included telephonic and in-person meetings for support and motivation. All variables were reevaluated at the end of the follow-up period. Results Out of 34 participants included in the study, 20 completed the three-month follow-up. Statistically significant changes were observed after three months of intervention in weight, fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, BMI, triglycerides, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels. However, decreases in systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were not statistically significant. Conclusion The study revealed that lifestyle intervention programs promoting healthy diets, physical activity, and body weight reduction can prevent or delay the onset of diabetes among high-risk populations. The effectiveness of interventions across community settings depends on delivery formats, implementers, and the level of motivation of participants.
与未患糖尿病的成年人相比，患糖尿病的成年人患高血压、心脏病发作和中风的风险更高。早期诊断糖尿病前期可以通过生活方式改变等简单干预措施显著降低患糖尿病的风险。诸如减肥、定期体育锻炼和健康饮食等生活方式的改变有助于延缓或预防糖尿病的进展。本研究旨在估计城市贫民窟人群中糖尿病前期的患病率，并评估生活方式改变对参与者血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）和血脂谱的影响。
在城市贫民窟人群中进行了一项准实验性现场研究。参与者从以前的健康筛查数据中随机选取。进行干预前的血液评估，符合标准的参与者被纳入干预。随访期持续三个月，包括通过电话和面对面会议提供支持和激励。在随访期结束时对所有变量进行重新评估。
在纳入研究的34名参与者中，20名完成了为期三个月的随访。干预三个月后，体重、空腹血糖、HbA1c、BMI、甘油三酯和高密度脂蛋白（HDL）胆固醇水平出现了具有统计学意义的变化。然而，收缩压（BP）、舒张压、总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白（LDL）胆固醇的降低没有统计学意义。
该研究表明，促进健康饮食、体育活动和减轻体重的生活方式干预计划可以预防或延缓高危人群中糖尿病的发病。社区环境中干预措施的有效性取决于实施形式、实施者和参与者的积极性水平。
