Sarwar Saba, Quadri Javed Ahsan, Shariff A
Clinical Ecotoxicology Diagnostic & Research Facility, Department of Anatomy, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India.
Biol Trace Elem Res. 2025 Jun;203(6):3218-3233. doi: 10.1007/s12011-024-04403-1. Epub 2024 Oct 8.
This study investigates the impact of chronic fluoride exposure on the absorption of essential minerals in the gut and explores the mechanisms underlying mineral deficiencies due to fluoride ingestion. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to three groups: group 1 (G-1) served as the control (non-fluoride exposed), while group 2 (G-2) and group 3 (G-3) received human equivalent doses (HED) of fluoride (50 and 100 ppm ad libitum, corresponding to 5 and 10 ppm in humans, respectively) for 75 days. Serum fluoride concentrations were measured, and the levels of essential minerals and trace elements in blood and stool were analyzed using ICP-MS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed on stool samples to identify chemical compounds. The chemical compounds and macromolecular complexes containing fluoride and essential minerals were identified and quantified using Match3 software. Results indicated that the blood concentrations of essential minerals were significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) in the fluoride-exposed groups compared to the control, while excretion of essential elements in stool was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in the fluoride-administered groups. XRD analysis revealed the formation of unusual macromolecular chemical complexes in the stool of fluoride-treated groups, with the types and concentrations of these compounds increasing with higher fluoride doses. The study concludes that fluoride in the stomach chelates minerals, reducing their absorption, and induces the formation of unusual high molecular weight macromolecular chelation complexes, which alter the chemical species in the gut and further impair the absorption of essential minerals.
本研究调查了长期氟暴露对肠道中必需矿物质吸收的影响，并探讨了因摄入氟导致矿物质缺乏的潜在机制。将雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为三组：第1组（G-1）作为对照组（未暴露于氟），而第2组（G-2）和第3组（G-3）分别以人体等效剂量（HED）的氟（自由饮用50和100 ppm，分别相当于人体中的5和10 ppm）处理75天。测量血清氟浓度，并使用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）分析血液和粪便中必需矿物质和微量元素的水平。对粪便样本进行X射线衍射（XRD）分析以鉴定化合物。使用Match3软件鉴定并定量含有氟和必需矿物质的化合物和大分子复合物。结果表明，与对照组相比，氟暴露组中必需矿物质的血液浓度显著降低（p≤0.05），而在给予氟的组中，粪便中必需元素的排泄显著增加（p≤0.05）。XRD分析显示，氟处理组的粪便中形成了异常的大分子化学复合物，这些化合物的类型和浓度随着氟剂量的增加而增加。该研究得出结论，胃中的氟螯合矿物质，减少其吸收，并诱导形成异常的高分子量大分子螯合复合物，这会改变肠道中的化学物质，并进一步损害必需矿物质的吸收。
