Ansari Zahra, Maleki Mohammad Hasan, Roohy Fatemeh, Ebrahimi Zahra, Shams Mesbah, Mokaram Pooneh, Zamanzadeh Zahra, Hosseinzadeh Zahra, Koohpeyma Farhad, Dastghaib Sanaz
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Esfahan, Iran.
Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
Biochem Biophys Rep. 2024 Sep 23;40:101834. doi: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2024.101834. eCollection 2024 Dec.
Diabetes is a major global health concern and plays a significant role in male infertility and hormonal abnormalities by altering the tissue structure of spermatogenic tubes and decreasing the number of spermatogonia. This study investigated the effect of artichoke ( L) hydroalcoholic extract and probiotic on sexual hormones, oxidative stress, apoptosis pathway, and histopathological changes in testicular tissues of diabetic rats to find an adjuvant therapy to manage the infertility complications of diabetes.
In this experiment, 96 male-rats were randomly selected from eight groups. Control, Sham (normal saline), DM group (IP injected with 60 mg/kg STZ), Cynara (400 mg/kg hydroalcoholic extract of Cynara scolymus L), BBL (received 1 × 10 CFU/ml/day Bifidobacterium longum), DM + Cynara, DM + BBL, and DM + Cynara + BBL groups. After 48 days of orally gavage, serum level of FBS (fasting blood sugar), Malondi-aldehyde (MDA), Total-Anti-Oxidant Capacity (TAC), FSH (Follicle-stimulating hormone), LH (Luteinizing hormone), Testosterone, Testis mRNA-expressions of (prm1), , and genes, as well as stereological changes were measured.
In comparison to the diabetic group, the hydroalcoholic extract of L combined with the probiotic resulted in a substantial decrease in FBS (p < 0.001) and MDA(p < 0.05) concentrations, and the expression of the Caspase-9 gene (1.33-fold change). In addition, serum levels of TAC, LH, FSH, Testosterone were significantly increased (p < 0.05). mRNA expression of protamine (p = 0.016) and BCL2 (0.72-fold change) were detected. Furthermore, in comparison with diabetic rats, the -and -treated groups showed a significant increase in the number of sexual lineage cells, total weight, sperm count, motility, normal morphology, volume of the testis, and volume and length of seminiferous tubules (p < 0.05).
The findings demonstrated that Cynara scolymus L extract and Bifidobacterium longum supplement had great therapeutic potential, including antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, anti-diabetic, fertility index improvement, and sex hormone modulators.
糖尿病是全球主要的健康问题，通过改变生精小管的组织结构和减少精原细胞数量，在男性不育和激素异常中起重要作用。本研究调查了洋蓟（L）水醇提取物和益生菌对糖尿病大鼠睾丸组织性激素、氧化应激、凋亡途径及组织病理学变化的影响，以寻找一种辅助治疗方法来管理糖尿病的不育并发症。
在本实验中，从八组中随机选取96只雄性大鼠。对照组、假手术组（生理盐水）、糖尿病组（腹腔注射60mg/kg链脲佐菌素）、洋蓟组（给予400mg/kg水醇提取物的洋蓟）、双歧杆菌组（每天接受1×10CFU/ml长双歧杆菌）、糖尿病+洋蓟组、糖尿病+双歧杆菌组和糖尿病+洋蓟+双歧杆菌组。经口灌胃48天后，测量空腹血糖（FBS）、丙二醛（MDA）、总抗氧化能力（TAC）、促卵泡激素（FSH）、黄体生成素（LH）、睾酮的血清水平，睾丸中prm1、、和基因的mRNA表达，以及体视学变化。
与糖尿病组相比，洋蓟L水醇提取物与益生菌联合使用导致FBS（p<0.001）和MDA（p<0.05）浓度显著降低，以及Caspase-9基因表达（变化1.33倍）。此外，TAC、LH、FSH、睾酮的血清水平显著升高（p<0.05）。检测到鱼精蛋白（p=0.016）和BCL2（变化0.72倍）的mRNA表达。此外，与糖尿病大鼠相比，洋蓟和双歧杆菌治疗组的性谱系细胞数量、总重量、精子数量、活力、正常形态、睾丸体积以及生精小管的体积和长度显著增加（p<0.05）。
研究结果表明，洋蓟提取物和长双歧杆菌补充剂具有巨大的治疗潜力，包括抗氧化、抗凋亡、抗糖尿病、改善生育指数和调节性激素。
