School of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
School of Nursing, Langfang Health Vocational College, Langfang, Hebei, China.
BMJ Open. 2024 Oct 10;14(10):e077810. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-077810.
Comfort is a primary goal of healthcare. Theory-informed interventions and measurement are essential for comfort enhancement.
To categorise and synthesise the international literature on the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory in research and practice aiming to promote adults' comfort.
Papers reporting the application of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory on adult participants published in English and Chinese.
MEDLINE, CINAHL, APA PsycInfo, Embase, AMED, Web of Science, Scopus, The Cochrane Library, JBI EBP Database, CNKI, Wan Fang; grey literature of Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and The Comfort Line were searched from January 1991 to January 2024.
Following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidance and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews checklist, two reviewers selected papers and extracted data independently using a standardised chart embedded in NVivo software. A thematic synthesis and a descriptive analysis were provided.
The review included 359 papers. Approximately two-thirds (n=216, 60.2%) had been published since 2017. The majority of papers (n=316, 88.0%) originated from China, the USA, Turkey, Brazil and Portugal. The use of Kolcaba's Comfort Theory was dominated in a range of hospital settings (n=263) and with participants suffering neoplasms (n=55). Seven categories of theory application were identified: (I) interventions underpinned by Comfort Theory as the theoretical framework, (II) interventions evaluated by instruments derived from Comfort Theory, (III) descriptive or observational studies of services or practices underpinned by Comfort Theory, (IV) surveys using questionnaires derived from Comfort Theory, (V) questionnaires development or adaption based on Comfort Theory, (VI) qualitative studies interpreted by Comfort Theory and (VII) literature reviews and discussion about Comfort Theory use. The most commonly evaluated interventions included music therapy (n=31), position intervention (n=20) and massage (n=19), and the most commonly used questionnaire was General Comfort Questionnaire (n=109).
Kolcaba's Comfort Theory has been largely used in interventions and assessments across a wide range of contexts, providing a set of options for practitioners. However, quantifying evidence is needed through further systematic reviews, and continuous development of Comfort Theory is warranted based on the categorisation by this review.
舒适是医疗保健的主要目标。理论指导的干预措施和测量对于增强舒适度至关重要。
对将 Kolcaba 舒适理论应用于旨在促进成年人舒适的研究和实践中的国际文献进行分类和综合。
以英文和中文发表的报告将 Kolcaba 的舒适理论应用于成年参与者的研究论文。
从 1991 年 1 月至 2024 年 1 月，检索了 MEDLINE、CINAHL、APA PsycInfo、Embase、AMED、Web of Science、Scopus、The Cochrane Library、JBI EBP 数据库、CNKI、万方；灰色文献则通过谷歌学术、百度学术和舒适线进行检索。
根据 Joanna Briggs 研究所指南和扩展后的系统评价和荟萃分析首选报告项目的 Scoping 综述清单，两名审查员使用嵌入 NVivo 软件的标准图表独立选择论文并提取数据。提供了主题综合和描述性分析。
综述纳入了 359 篇论文。大约三分之二（n=216，60.2%）发表于 2017 年以后。大多数论文（n=316，88.0%）来自中国、美国、土耳其、巴西和葡萄牙。Kolcaba 舒适理论的使用主要集中在一系列医院环境中（n=263）和患有肿瘤的参与者（n=55）中。确定了理论应用的七个类别：（I）以 Comfort Theory 为理论框架的干预措施，（II）以 Comfort Theory 为理论框架的干预措施，（III）以 Comfort Theory 为理论框架的服务或实践的描述性或观察性研究，（IV）基于 Comfort Theory 的问卷调查，（V）基于 Comfort Theory 的问卷开发或改编，（VI）基于 Comfort Theory 的定性研究解读，（VII）关于 Comfort Theory 使用的文献综述和讨论。最常评估的干预措施包括音乐疗法（n=31）、体位干预（n=20）和按摩（n=19），最常使用的问卷是一般舒适问卷（n=109）。
Kolcaba 舒适理论已广泛应用于各种背景下的干预措施和评估中，为从业者提供了一系列选择。然而，需要通过进一步的系统评价来量化证据，并根据本综述的分类对 Comfort Theory 进行持续发展。
