Food and Nutrition Academic and Research Cluster, Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Salaya, Phuttamonthon, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand.
Institute of Food Research and Product Development, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak Bangkok, 10900, Thailand.
Sci Rep. 2024 Oct 11;14(1):23786. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-74492-4.
Cyanobacteria, especially Arthrospira, are valuable resources of nutrients and natural pigments with many beneficial health-related properties. This study optimized the extraction conditions of Arthrospira to achieve high phenolic contents and antioxidant activities. Under optimized extraction conditions, the bioactive compounds (phenolics and pigment components), antioxidant activities, and inhibitions of the key enzymes relevant to some non-communicable diseases were compared between Arthrospira platensis and Arthrospira maxima. Optimized extraction conditions were determined as 2 h shaking time, 50 °C extraction temperature, and 1% (w/v) solid-to-liquid ratio, giving effective phenolic and phycocyanin contents using aqueous extraction, while 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanolic extraction provided high total chlorophyll content. Most antioxidant activities were higher using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanolic extracts. Both Arthrospira species inhibited the key enzymes involved in controlling non-communicable diseases including hyperlipidemia (lipase), diabetes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and dipeptidyl peptidase-IV), Alzheimer's disease (acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase and β-secretase), and hypertension (angiotensin-converting enzyme). High inhibitory activities were detected against β-secretase (BACE-1), the enzyme responsible for β-amyloid plaque formation in the brain that acts as a significant hallmark of Alzheimer's disease. Arthrospira extract and donepezil (Alzheimer's disease drug) synergistically inhibited BACE-1, suggesting the potential of Arthrospira extracts as effective BACE-1 inhibitors. Interestingly, A. maxima exhibited higher bioactive compound contents, antioxidant activities, and key enzyme inhibitions than A. platensis, indicating high potential for future food and medicinal applications.
蓝藻，尤其是节旋藻，是具有许多有益健康相关特性的营养物质和天然色素的宝贵资源。本研究优化了节旋藻的提取条件，以获得高酚含量和抗氧化活性。在优化的提取条件下，比较了钝顶节旋藻和极大节旋藻的生物活性化合物（酚类和色素成分）、抗氧化活性以及与一些非传染性疾病相关的关键酶的抑制作用。优化的提取条件确定为 2 h 摇床时间、50°C 提取温度和 1%（w/v）固液比，采用水提法可获得有效的酚类和藻蓝蛋白含量，而 80%（v/v）的水醇提法则可提供高的总叶绿素含量。大多数抗氧化活性采用 80%（v/v）的水醇提取物更高。两种节旋藻均抑制了控制非传染性疾病的关键酶，包括高血脂（脂肪酶）、糖尿病（α-淀粉酶、α-葡萄糖苷酶和二肽基肽酶-IV）、阿尔茨海默病（乙酰胆碱酯酶、丁酰胆碱酯酶和β-分泌酶）和高血压（血管紧张素转化酶）。对β-分泌酶（BACE-1）的抑制活性较高，该酶负责大脑中β-淀粉样斑块的形成，是阿尔茨海默病的一个重要标志。节旋藻提取物和多奈哌齐（阿尔茨海默病药物）协同抑制 BACE-1，表明节旋藻提取物作为有效的 BACE-1 抑制剂具有潜力。有趣的是，极大节旋藻比钝顶节旋藻表现出更高的生物活性化合物含量、抗氧化活性和关键酶抑制作用，表明其在未来的食品和医药应用中有很高的潜力。
