Oral Medicine and Periodontology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum, Egypt.
Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
BMC Oral Health. 2024 Oct 10;24(1):1206. doi: 10.1186/s12903-024-04939-7.
Enhancing the prognosis and treatment outcomes of oral cancer relies heavily on its early detection. This study aims to establish a connection between serum and salivary dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) levels and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), comparing them with oral potentially malignant lesions (OPMLs) and control subjects and validating salivary DPP-4 as a diagnostic marker for the early detection of oral cancer.
Forty-five systemically healthy individuals were categorized into three groups: Group I consisted of 15 patients diagnosed with OSCC, Group II comprised 15 patients with OPMLs (including leukoplakia and oral lichen planus), and Group III included 15 participants without any oral mucosal lesions. Serum and whole unstimulated salivary samples were collected from all participants to assess DPP-4 levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine the area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy of DPP-4.
Both serum and salivary DPP-4 levels were highest in the healthy group, followed by OPMLs, and lowest in the OSCC group, with statistically significant differences observed. ROC analysis demonstrated excellent diagnostic accuracy of salivary DPP-4 in distinguishing OSCC from healthy individuals, OPMLs from healthy individuals, and OSCC from OPMLs, with accuracies of 100%, 100%, and 96.67%, respectively. Salivary DPP-4 levels also exhibited a statistically significant correlation with OSCC grades.
DPP-4 appears to play a protective, anti-oncogenic role in maintaining oral tissue health. The remarkable diagnostic accuracy of both serum and salivary DPP-4 in discriminating between OSCC, OPMLs, and healthy controls suggests its potential utility as a well-established marker for early oral cancer diagnosis. Salivary DPP-4, being non-invasive, could serve as a convenient chair-side diagnostic tool for the early detection of OSCC.
The study was retrospectively registered on clinicaltrial.gov with NCT06087042, date of registration (first posted date): 17/10/2023.
提高口腔癌的预后和治疗效果在很大程度上依赖于早期发现。本研究旨在建立血清和唾液二肽基肽酶-4（DPP-4）水平与口腔鳞状细胞癌（OSCC）之间的联系，将其与口腔潜在恶性病变（OPML）和对照组进行比较，并验证唾液 DPP-4 作为口腔癌早期诊断的诊断标志物。
将 45 名系统性健康个体分为三组：第 I 组包括 15 名被诊断为 OSCC 的患者，第 II 组包括 15 名患有 OPML（包括白斑和口腔扁平苔藓）的患者，第 III 组包括 15 名无任何口腔黏膜病变的参与者。从所有参与者中采集血清和全唾液样本，使用酶联免疫吸附测定（ELISA）试剂盒评估 DPP-4 水平。进行Receiver operating characteristic（ROC）分析以确定 DPP-4 的曲线下面积（AUC）、敏感性、特异性和诊断准确性。
血清和唾液 DPP-4 水平在健康组中最高，其次是 OPML 组，OSCC 组最低，差异具有统计学意义。ROC 分析表明，唾液 DPP-4 区分 OSCC 与健康个体、OPML 与健康个体以及 OSCC 与 OPML 的诊断准确性非常高，分别为 100%、100%和 96.67%。唾液 DPP-4 水平与 OSCC 分级也呈统计学显著相关。
DPP-4 似乎在维持口腔组织健康方面发挥着保护、抗致癌作用。血清和唾液 DPP-4 在区分 OSCC、OPML 和健康对照组方面的出色诊断准确性表明，其作为一种可靠的早期口腔癌诊断标志物具有潜在的应用价值。唾液 DPP-4 作为一种非侵入性的检测方法，可作为 OSCC 早期检测的便捷椅旁诊断工具。
该研究在 clinicaltrial.gov 上进行了回顾性注册，注册号为 NCT06087042，注册日期（首次发布日期）：2023 年 10 月 17 日。
