Silver S R, Li J, Ford N D, Shi D, Saydah S H
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Division of Field Studies and Engineering, Health Informatics Branch, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Coronaviruses and Other Respiratory Viruses Division, Epidemiology Branch, Atlanta, Georgia, USA.
Am J Ind Med. 2025 Jan;68(1):26-52. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23665. Epub 2024 Oct 11.
Workers in healthcare and other essential occupations had elevated risks for COVID-19 infection early in the pandemic. No survey of U.S. workers to date has comprehensively assessed the prevalence of both COVID-19 and Long COVID across industries and occupations (I&O) at a detailed level.
Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System data for 2022 from 39 states, Guam, and the U.S. Virgin Islands were used to estimate prevalence of self-reported history of COVID-19 and Long COVID, as well as the prevalence of Long COVID among those reporting prior COVID-19, by broad and detailed I&O. Adjusted prevalence ratios were used to compare outcome prevalence in each I&O to prevalence among all other workers combined.
By broad I&O, workers in healthcare, protective services, and education had elevated prevalences of COVID-19. The prevalence of Long COVID was elevated in healthcare and protective service but not education workers. Detailed I&O with significantly elevated prevalences of COVID-19 but not Long COVID included Dairy Product Manufacturing industry workers and subsets of mining workers. Both COVID-19 and Long COVID were elevated among bartenders/drinking places and personal care and appearance workers. The prevalence of Long COVID was elevated among farmworkers who reported having had COVID-19.
Industries and occupations with elevated levels of COVID-19 or Long COVID in this study may warrant increased measures to prevent transmission of airborne respiratory viruses. Accommodations are a key component for supporting workers in all workplaces. This new information about the distribution of Long COVID by I&O suggests where employer understanding and implementation of tailored workplace supports and accommodations are most needed to support continued employment of affected workers.
在疫情早期，医疗保健及其他关键行业的工作人员感染新冠病毒的风险较高。迄今为止，尚无针对美国工人的调查全面详细地评估各行业和职业中新冠病毒感染及长期新冠的患病率。
利用来自39个州、关岛和美属维尔京群岛的2022年行为风险因素监测系统数据，按广泛和详细的行业及职业分类，估算自我报告的新冠病毒感染史和长期新冠的患病率，以及报告曾感染新冠病毒者中患长期新冠的患病率。采用调整后的患病率比值，将各行业及职业的结果患病率与所有其他工人的合并患病率进行比较。
按广泛的行业及职业分类，医疗保健、防护服务和教育行业的工作人员新冠病毒感染率较高。医疗保健和防护服务行业工作人员的长期新冠患病率较高，但教育行业工作人员并非如此。新冠病毒感染率显著升高但长期新冠患病率未升高的详细行业及职业分类包括乳制品制造业工人和部分采矿工人。调酒师/饮酒场所工作人员以及个人护理和美容行业工作人员的新冠病毒感染和长期新冠患病率均较高。报告曾感染新冠病毒的农场工人中，长期新冠患病率较高。
本研究中新冠病毒感染或长期新冠患病率较高的行业和职业可能需要加强措施以预防空气传播呼吸道病毒的传播。合理调整工作环境是支持所有工作场所工人的关键组成部分。这些按行业及职业分类的长期新冠分布新信息表明，最需要雇主理解并实施针对性的工作场所支持和合理调整措施，以支持受影响工人继续就业。
