Laboratory of Basic and Applied Mycology and Scientific Dissemination (FungiLab), State University of Goiás, Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 11;19(10):e0311716. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0311716. eCollection 2024.
The Cerrado is home to a diversity of traditional communities, among which indigenous and quilombola peoples stand out. The Karajá are one of the ethnic groups in this biome, with a rich history and culture that goes back centuries. They mainly inhabit the regions of the Araguaia and Javaés rivers, occupying lands in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Pará and Tocantins. Considering the importance of studies on ethnomycological knowledge in indigenous communities for preserving culture and the environment, especially in relation to fungi, our objective was to investigate the ethnomycological relationships of the Karajá indigenous people who inhabit Bananal Island, located in Tocantins. Data were collected from applying a semi-structured questionnaire and interviews with 140 people who compose the Macaúba (39%), Fontoura (31%) and Santa Isabel do Morro (30%) communities; they had an average age of 33.9 years, and 62% are male. We observed that the Karajá people recognize the fungi of the environment in which they live, showing a clearer perception of typical morphological groups, such as mushrooms and bracket fungi (wood ears). Although fungi are not used as a component of their diet, the Karajá recognize that some species may have this potential. Furthermore, they use fungi as adornments and decorations in festivities in a playful way, and occasionally for medicinal purposes. Therefore, we can state that this ethnic group does not have a total aversion to fungi, being considered partially mycophilic. This study is a pioneer among Cerrado indigenous people, and reinforces the need to expand research to other communities in different regions in order to expand ethnomycological knowledge among different ethnicities. These investigations could contribute to both an appreciation and conservation of the traditions and knowledge of original Brazilian people, as well as the biodiversity in which they are inserted.
塞拉多是多种传统社区的家园，其中包括土著和 quilombola 人民。卡拉雅人是该生物群落中的一个族群，拥有数百年的丰富历史和文化。他们主要居住在阿拉瓜亚和雅瓦埃斯河流域，占据了戈亚斯、马托格罗索、帕拉和托坎廷斯州的土地。考虑到研究土著社区的民族真菌学知识对于保护文化和环境的重要性，特别是与真菌有关的知识，我们的目标是调查居住在托坎廷斯的巴纳纳尔岛的卡拉雅土著人民的民族真菌学关系。数据是通过应用半结构化问卷和对由 140 人组成的 Macaúba（39%）、Fontoura（31%）和 Santa Isabel do Morro（30%）社区进行访谈收集的；他们的平均年龄为 33.9 岁，62%是男性。我们观察到，卡拉雅人认识他们所居住环境中的真菌，对典型形态群体，如蘑菇和担子菌（木耳）有更清晰的认识。虽然真菌不是他们饮食的组成部分，但卡拉雅人认识到一些物种可能具有这种潜力。此外，他们以一种有趣的方式将真菌用作节日的装饰品和装饰，偶尔也用于药用目的。因此，我们可以说这个族群并不是完全厌恶真菌，而是部分地喜欢真菌。这项研究在塞拉多的土著人民中是先驱性的，它加强了在不同地区的其他社区扩大研究的必要性，以扩大不同民族的民族真菌学知识。这些调查可以为巴西原住民的传统和知识以及他们所插入的生物多样性的欣赏和保护做出贡献。
