Department of Crop and Forest Science, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure, 191, 25198, Lleida, Spain.
Germplasm Bank of Wild Species, Yunnan Key Laboratory for Fungal Diversity and Green Development, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 132 Lanhei Road, Kunming, 650201, Yunnan, People's Republic of China.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2022 Aug 10;18(1):55. doi: 10.1186/s13002-022-00551-7.
Yunnan is rich in fungal diversity and cultural diversity, but there are few researches on ethnomycology. In addition, extensive utilization of wild edible fungi (WEF), especially the ectomycorrhizal fungi, threatens the fungal diversity. Hence, this study aims to contribute to the ethnomycological knowledge in Pu'er Prefecture, Yunnan, China, including information on the fungal taxa presented in markets and natural habitats, with emphasis in ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF).
Semi-structured interviews with mushroom vendors in markets and with mushroom collectors in natural habitats were conducted. Information related to local names, habitat, fruiting time, species identification, price, cooking methods and preservation methods of wild edible mushrooms were recorded. Wild edible fungi were collected from forests, and morphological and molecular techniques were used to identify fungal species.
A total of 11 markets were visited during this study. The 101 species collected in the markets belonged to 22 families and 39 genera, and about 76% of them were EMF. A wealth of ethnomycological knowledge was recorded, and we found that participants in the 45-65 age group were able to judge mushroom species more accurately. Additionally, men usually had a deepest mushroom knowledge than women. A total of 283 species, varieties and undescribed species were collected from natural habitats, and about 70% of them were EMF. Mushroom species and recorded amounts showed correspondence between markets and the natural habitats on different months.
The present study shows that Pu'er Prefecture is rich in local mycological knowledge and fungal diversity. However, it is necessary to continue the research of ethnomycological studies and to design and conduct dissemination of local knowledge in order to preserve it, since it currently remains mainly among the elderly population.
云南拥有丰富的真菌多样性和文化多样性，但对民族真菌学的研究较少。此外，野生食用真菌（WEF）的广泛利用，特别是外生菌根真菌，威胁着真菌的多样性。因此，本研究旨在为中国云南省普洱地区的民族真菌学知识做出贡献，包括市场和自然栖息地中真菌类群的信息，重点是外生菌根真菌（EMF）。
对市场上的蘑菇商贩和自然栖息地中的蘑菇采集者进行半结构化访谈。记录了与当地名称、栖息地、出菇时间、物种鉴定、价格、烹饪方法和保存方法有关的信息。从森林中采集野生食用真菌，采用形态学和分子技术对真菌物种进行鉴定。
在本研究中，共访问了 11 个市场。在市场上收集的 101 种真菌隶属于 22 科 39 属，其中约 76%为外生菌根真菌。记录了丰富的民族真菌学知识，我们发现 45-65 岁年龄组的参与者能够更准确地判断蘑菇种类。此外，男性通常比女性拥有更深入的蘑菇知识。从自然栖息地共采集了 283 种、变种和未描述的物种，其中约 70%为外生菌根真菌。不同月份的市场和自然栖息地的蘑菇种类和记录数量存在对应关系。
本研究表明，普洱地区拥有丰富的地方真菌学知识和真菌多样性。然而，有必要继续进行民族真菌学研究，并设计和传播当地知识，以保存它，因为它目前主要存在于老年人口中。
