Departamento de Botánica, Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apdo. Postal 70-367, C.P. 04510, Cd. de México, México.
Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Unidad de Posgrado, Edificio A, 1° Piso, Circuito de Posgrados, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Ciudad de México, México.
J Ethnobiol Ethnomed. 2022 Jul 30;18(1):52. doi: 10.1186/s13002-022-00550-8.
Mushrooms and lichens are natural therapeutic resources whose millenary importance persists in indigenous and mestizo communities of Mexico. However, in this regard, in the northern part of the country there are few ethnobiological explorations. This study investigates the local knowledge of medicinal mushrooms and lichens used by Yuman peoples, whose native speakers are in imminent danger of extinction along with their biocultural heritage due to changes in their traditional primary activities and the usurpation of their ancestral lands.
Ethnographic techniques in the field and standard lichenological and mycological methods in the laboratory were used.
Information was obtained on the medicinal use of 20 species, of which six are lichens of the genus Xanthoparmelia and 14 are non-lichenized fungi, mainly gasteroids. The latter are primarily used to treat skin lesions, while lichens are used in heart, urinary, and gastrointestinal diseases. The transmission of this local knowledge to future generations is discussed, as well as the intercultural cognitive convergence about the uses of medicinal mushrooms and lichens.
The Yuman peoples preserve knowledge, practices and beliefs around mushrooms and lichens. Although increasingly less used, they still form part of their culinary and traditional medicine; even some are also used as ludic and ornamental purposes, and as trail markers. Beyond the pragmatic importance of these organisms, traditional knowledge about them is an essential part of the cultural identity that the Yuman peoples strive to preserve.
蘑菇和地衣是天然的治疗资源，在墨西哥的印第安和梅斯蒂索社区，其千年重要性一直存在。然而，在该国北部，关于它们的民族生物学研究很少。本研究调查了尤马人的药用蘑菇和地衣的当地知识，由于其传统主要活动的变化和祖传土地的侵占，这些尤马人的母语使用者及其生物文化遗产正濒临灭绝。
在野外使用了民族志技术，在实验室使用了标准的地衣学和真菌学方法。
获得了 20 种药用物种的信息，其中 6 种是 Xanthoparmelia 属的地衣，14 种是非地衣化真菌，主要是腹菌类。后者主要用于治疗皮肤损伤，而地衣则用于治疗心脏、泌尿和胃肠道疾病。讨论了向后代传授这种当地知识的问题，以及关于药用蘑菇和地衣使用的跨文化认知趋同。
尤马人保留了关于蘑菇和地衣的知识、实践和信仰。尽管它们的使用越来越少，但它们仍然是他们烹饪和传统医学的一部分；甚至有些也被用作娱乐和装饰目的，以及作为路径标记。除了这些生物的实际重要性之外，关于它们的传统知识是尤马人努力保护的文化认同的重要组成部分。
