Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE.
Department of Food Science, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, United Arab Emirates University, Al-Ain 15551, UAE; Department of Food Science and Agricultural Chemistry, McGill University, Ste Anne de Bellevue, Quebec H9X 3V9, Canada.
Ultrason Sonochem. 2024 Dec;111:107094. doi: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2024.107094. Epub 2024 Oct 4.
This study focuses on the extraction of bioactive compounds from date seeds using five polyol-based deep eutectic solvents (P-DESs) in combination with hybrid green extraction techniques, specifically microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), homogenization-assisted extraction (HAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The optimization of these extraction techniques was achieved using P-DESs showing the highest efficiency for extracting date seed bioactive compounds using response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) approach. The optimized conditions from three green techniques were further applied in the form of hybrid green extraction techniques, involving six binary and three ternary methods, to assess the percentage increase in the extraction efficiency of date seed bioactive polyphenolics. Among the five P-DESs tested, choline chloride: ethylene glycol (ChCl:Eg) exhibited the highest extraction efficiency for recovering date seed phenolic compounds. Using ChCl:Eg as the P-DES, the highest extraction efficacy was found with MAE, followed by > HAE and > UAE. In addition, all hybrid extraction techniques showed higher extraction efficiencies than the single extraction methods. Notably, the binary hybrid techniques combining UAE and MAE (UMAE), HAE and MAE (HMAE) resulted in significantly higher recovery of bioactive compounds, with 52 % and 49 % increases in total phenolic content, respectively, compared to single extraction techniques. The lowest MIC and MBC of P-DES (ChCl:Eg) and date seed P-DES based extract recorded against all the tested bacterial strains was 40 % and 20 % respectively. Furthermore, the date seed extract from MAE was used to extend the shelf life of Oreochromis niloticus stored at 4 °C for 10 days. The results indicated that the date seed polyphenolic extract effectively inhibited microbial growth in Oreochromis niloticus during refrigerated storage, with the total bacterial count (TBC) of all the treated samples within the recommended acceptability limit of < 6 log CFU/g compared to the untreated samples, which showed a total bacterial count (TBC) > 6 log CFU/g. This study demonstrated that sequential hybrid techniques enhance and intensify the recovery of bioactive compounds more effectively than any single green technique.
本研究采用五种多元醇基深共晶溶剂（P-DES）与微波辅助提取（MAE）、均相辅助提取（HAE）和超声辅助提取（UAE）相结合的混合绿色提取技术，从枣核中提取生物活性化合物。通过响应面法（RSM）和中心复合设计（CCD）方法，优化了这些提取技术，以获得使用 P-DES 提取枣核生物活性化合物效率最高的条件。在三种绿色技术的优化条件下，进一步应用混合绿色提取技术，包括六种二元和三种三元方法，评估了枣核生物活性多酚提取效率的提高百分比。在所测试的五种 P-DES 中，氯化胆碱：乙二醇（ChCl:Eg）对回收枣核酚类化合物的提取效率最高。使用 ChCl:Eg 作为 P-DES，MAE 的提取效果最高，其次是>HAE 和>UAE。此外，所有混合提取技术的提取效率均高于单一提取方法。值得注意的是，结合 UAE 和 MAE（UMAE）、HAE 和 MAE（HMAE）的二元混合技术对生物活性化合物的回收效果显著提高，总酚含量分别提高了 52%和 49%，与单一提取技术相比。P-DES（ChCl:Eg）和基于 P-DES 的枣核提取物的最低 MIC 和 MBC 记录值为 40%和 20%，分别针对所有测试的细菌菌株。此外，在 4°C 下储存 10 天的奥利亚罗非鱼（Oreochromis niloticus）中使用 MAE 提取的枣核提取物来延长货架期。结果表明，枣核多酚提取物在冷藏过程中有效抑制了奥利亚罗非鱼中的微生物生长，所有处理样品的总细菌计数（TBC）均在可接受范围内<6 log CFU/g，而未处理样品的总细菌计数（TBC）>6 log CFU/g。本研究表明，顺序混合技术比任何单一的绿色技术更有效地增强和强化生物活性化合物的回收。
