Lechien Jerome R, Mayo-Yanez Miguel, Chiesa-Estomba Carlos M, Iannella Giannicola, Cammaroto Giovanni, De Vito Andrea, Saibene Alberto M, Vaira Luigi A, Maniaci Antonino
Department of Surgery, UMONS Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, University of Mons (UMons), Mons, Belgium.
Department of Otolaryngology, Elsan Polyclinic of Poitiers, Poitiers, France.
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2024 Oct 11. doi: 10.1007/s00405-024-09019-8.
To investigate the association between laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD) and Empty Nose Syndrome (ENS).
Nasal and laryngopharyngeal reflux symptoms were investigated in patients with ENS. Symptoms were evaluated with reflux symptom score-12 (RSS-12), nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE), empty nose syndrome 6-item questionnaire (ENS6Q), empty nose syndrome index (ENSI), and sinonasal outcome tool-22 (SNOT-22). The anxiety and depression were assessed with the general anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7), and patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). A study of association was conducted between demographics and patient-reported outcome questionnaires.
Forty-one ENS patients were included (20 females (48.8%)). The control groups included 27 patients with rhinitis/rhinosinusitis and 36 asymptomatic individuals. The ENSI and ENS6Q detected ENS in 97.6% and 90.2% of cases, respectively. The mean scores of ENSI, ENS6Q, RSS-12, NOSE, and SNOT-22 were significantly higher in the ENS group compared to controls. The prevalence of suspected LPRD was 90.2% in the ENS group, which was significantly higher compared to controls. The prevalence of mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe depression in ENS patients was 7.3% (n = 3), 4.9% (n = 2), 39.0% (n = 16), and 46.3% (n = 19), respectively. RSS-12 reported significant and high associations with the ENS6Q (r=0.939; p = .001) and ENSI (r=0.699; p = .001).
LPRD symptoms and prevalence were significantly higher in ENS patients compared to controls. Future controlled studies are needed to investigate the prevalence of LPRD in ENS patients through objective approaches (impedance-pH monitoring, nasal digestive enzyme measurements).
探讨喉咽反流病（LPRD）与空鼻综合征（ENS）之间的关联。
对ENS患者的鼻及喉咽反流症状进行调查。采用反流症状评分-12（RSS-12）、鼻阻塞症状评估（NOSE）、空鼻综合征6项问卷（ENS6Q）、空鼻综合征指数（ENSI）和鼻窦结局工具-22（SNOT-22）对症状进行评估。采用广泛性焦虑障碍-7（GAD-7）和患者健康问卷-9（PHQ-9）评估焦虑和抑郁情况。对人口统计学特征与患者报告的结局问卷进行相关性研究。
纳入41例ENS患者（20例女性（48.8%））。对照组包括27例鼻炎/鼻窦炎患者和36例无症状个体。ENSI和ENS6Q分别在97.6%和90.2%的病例中检测到ENS。与对照组相比，ENS组的ENSI、ENS6Q、RSS-12、NOSE和SNOT-22的平均得分显著更高。ENS组疑似LPRD的患病率为90.2%，显著高于对照组。ENS患者中轻度、中度、中重度和重度抑郁的患病率分别为7.3%（n = 3）、4.9%（n = 2）、39.0%（n = 16）和46.3%（n = 19）。RSS-12报告与ENS6Q（r = 0.939；p = 0.001）和ENSI（r = 0.699；p = 0.001）存在显著且高度的相关性。
与对照组相比，ENS患者的LPRD症状和患病率显著更高。未来需要通过客观方法（阻抗-pH监测、鼻消化酶测量）对ENS患者中LPRD的患病率进行对照研究。
