Sun Shaocheng, Yu Ying, Niu Yu, Ren Meiling, Wang Jiaoqin, Zhang Ming
China Volleyball College, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Key Laboratory of Sport Training of General Administration of Sport of China, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
Front Physiol. 2024 Sep 6;15:1443899. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1443899. eCollection 2024.
To explore the post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) of flywheel and traditional squats on a series of vertical jumps, the loads of the two protocols were matched based on their linear velocities. In addition, we attempted to validate the effectiveness of determining individualized recovery time (IRT) between conditioning activities and explosive movements.
Sixteen trained players participated in three main experiments: first, one-repetition maximum (1RM) assessment and intensity matching test; second, the weighted jump squat (WJS) test at baseline and at 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 min after flywheel and traditional protocols; and third, squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump (CMJ), and approach jump (AJ) tests incorporating IRT determined in the WJS sessions into both protocols. These protocols were standardized to 8 repetitions at 80% 1RM with equivalent concentric speed matched by a linear position transducer and conducted in a random order on separate days.
In the WJS tests, both protocols exhibited significant increases on jump height (JH), peak force (PF), and peak power (PP) after 2 to 6 min (all < 0.05), and the time courses of changes in performance were in a similar trend. In the SJ, CMJ, and AJ tests, both protocols demonstrated highly significant increases on JH, PP, and reactive strength index (RSI) after incorporating IRT (all < 0.01), with all participants exhibiting diverse improvement above the baseline levels. The potentiation percentages of the flywheel protocol on JH, PP, and RSI were higher than those of the traditional protocol across four jumping types (JH: 5.35%-9.79% vs. 4.13%-8.46%; PP: 4.16%-6.13% vs. 3.23%-4.77%; and RSI: 7.27% vs. 7.04%).
High-intensity flywheel squats can produce jumping potentiation in neuromechanical factors comparable to, or even surpassing, those observed in traditional squats, potentially making them a more effective option for inducing PAPE. Additionally, incorporating IRT into potentiation protocols could further optimize the PAPE effects.
探讨飞轮深蹲和传统深蹲对一系列垂直跳跃的激活后表现增强（PAPE）情况，基于两者的线性速度匹配两种训练方案的负荷。此外，我们试图验证确定训练活动与爆发性动作之间个性化恢复时间（IRT）的有效性。
16名受过训练的运动员参与了三项主要实验：首先，进行一次重复最大值（1RM）评估和强度匹配测试；其次，在飞轮训练方案和传统训练方案后的2、4、6、8和10分钟以及基线时进行负重跳蹲（WJS）测试；第三，将WJS测试中确定的IRT纳入两种训练方案，进行蹲跳（SJ）、反向运动跳（CMJ）和助跑跳（AJ）测试。这些训练方案标准化为以80%的1RM进行8次重复，通过线性位置传感器匹配等效的向心速度，并在不同日期随机进行。
在WJS测试中，两种训练方案在2至6分钟后跳跃高度（JH）、峰值力（PF）和峰值功率（PP）均显著增加（均P<0.05），并且表现变化的时间进程呈相似趋势。在SJ、CMJ和AJ测试中，两种训练方案在纳入IRT后JH、PP和反应强度指数（RSI）均显著增加（均P<0.01），所有参与者均表现出高于基线水平的不同程度改善。在四种跳跃类型中，飞轮训练方案在JH、PP和RSI上的增强百分比高于传统训练方案（JH：5.35%-9.79%对4.13%-8.46%；PP：4.16%-6.13%对3.23%-4.77%；RSI：7.27%对7.04%）。
高强度飞轮深蹲在神经力学因素方面能产生与传统深蹲相当甚至超越传统深蹲的跳跃增强效果，可能使其成为诱导PAPE更有效的选择。此外，将IRT纳入增强训练方案可进一步优化PAPE效果。
