Costici Edoardo, De Salvatore Sergio, Oggiano Leonardo, Sessa Sergio, Curri Cloe, Ruzzini Laura, Costici Pier Francesco
Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, 00131 Roma, Italy.
Orthopedic Unit, Department of Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, 00165 Rome, Italy.
J Clin Med. 2024 Sep 27;13(19):5760. doi: 10.3390/jcm13195760.
The relationship between physical activity and low back pain (LBP) in adolescents is complex, with conflicting evidence on whether activity is protective or a risk factor. The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced new challenges, increasing sedentary behaviors among adolescents. This systematic review updates the evidence on the association between physical activity and LBP in this population, focusing on the impact of the pandemic. A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, and SCOPUS identified observational studies published between January 2011 and December 2023. This review focused on adolescents aged 10 to 19 years, examining the effects of various physical activity levels and types on LBP incidence. Quality assessment was conducted using the ROBINS-I tool. Twelve studies were included, with a total of 78,850 adolescents. The findings suggest a U-shaped relationship between physical activity and LBP, where low and high activity levels increase LBP risk, while moderate activity appears protective. The pandemic exacerbated LBP prevalence, likely due to increased sedentary behavior. Gender differences were noted, with females more likely to report LBP, particularly related to sports participation. Moderate physical activity may protect against LBP in adolescents, whereas both inactivity and excessive activity heighten risk. The pandemic's impact highlights the need for balanced physical activity to prevent LBP. Further research should explore the long-term effects of these changes.
青少年身体活动与腰痛（LBP）之间的关系较为复杂，关于身体活动是起到保护作用还是风险因素，证据相互矛盾。新冠疫情带来了新的挑战，增加了青少年的久坐行为。本系统评价更新了该人群中身体活动与腰痛之间关联的证据，重点关注疫情的影响。通过对PubMed、Cochrane图书馆、科学网、Medline和SCOPUS进行系统检索，确定了2011年1月至2023年12月期间发表的观察性研究。本评价聚焦于10至19岁的青少年，研究了不同身体活动水平和类型对腰痛发病率的影响。使用ROBINS-I工具进行质量评估。纳入了12项研究，共涉及78,850名青少年。研究结果表明，身体活动与腰痛之间呈U形关系，即低活动水平和高活动水平会增加腰痛风险，而中等活动水平似乎具有保护作用。疫情加剧了腰痛的患病率，可能是由于久坐行为增加所致。研究注意到了性别差异，女性更有可能报告腰痛，尤其是与体育活动相关的腰痛。中等强度的身体活动可能对青少年的腰痛起到预防作用，而不活动和过度活动都会增加风险。疫情的影响凸显了进行平衡身体活动以预防腰痛的必要性。进一步的研究应探索这些变化的长期影响。
