Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Sports Technology Institute, Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Slovak University of Technology, 812 19 Bratislava, Slovakia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 May 18;18(10):5400. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18105400.
While competitive training is usually associated with the prevalence of back pain and injuries in athletes, little attention is being paid to the positive effects of sport-specific exercises on core musculature in the prevention of back problems. This scoping review aims (i) to map the literature that addresses the effects on reduction of back problems following athlete training with differing demands on the core musculature and (ii) to identify gaps in the existing literature and propose future research on this topic. The main literature search was conducted on the MEDLINE, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cochrane Library databases and was completed on Elsevier, SpringerLink, and Google Scholar. A total of 21 research articles met the inclusion criteria. The findings of 17 studies identified that core strengthening and core stabilization exercises, alone or in combination with athlete training, contribute to the reduction of back pain in athletes, whereas only four studies revealed no significant association of core muscle strength and/or endurance with back problems. Nevertheless, more research is warranted to elucidate the pros and cons of purely sport-specific training with differing demands on the core musculature on back health in athletes. This could help us to design prevention strategies specifically tailored to individual athletes.
虽然竞技训练通常与运动员背部疼痛和受伤的普遍存在有关，但对于特定于运动的锻炼对核心肌肉群在预防背部问题方面的积极影响却关注甚少。本范围综述旨在：(i) 绘制文献图谱，这些文献涉及针对核心肌肉群具有不同需求的运动员训练对减少背部问题的影响；(ii) 确定现有文献中的空白，并就该主题提出未来的研究。主要文献检索在 MEDLINE、PubMed、Web of Science、Scopus 和 Cochrane Library 数据库上进行，并在 Elsevier、SpringerLink 和 Google Scholar 上完成。共有 21 篇研究文章符合纳入标准。17 项研究的结果表明，核心力量增强和核心稳定性锻炼，单独或与运动员训练结合使用，有助于减少运动员的背痛，而只有四项研究表明核心肌肉力量和/或耐力与背部问题没有显著关联。然而，需要进行更多的研究来阐明针对核心肌肉群具有不同需求的纯粹特定于运动的训练对运动员背部健康的利弊。这可以帮助我们为个别运动员量身定制预防策略。
