College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071051, China.
College of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071051, China.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 2;25(19):10623. doi: 10.3390/ijms251910623.
Ursolic acid (UA) has demonstrated significant immunomodulatory and hepatoprotective effects; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to analyze the impact of UA on the gut microbiome, metabolome, and liver transcriptome, investigate UA's role in maintaining gut immune homeostasis and liver health, and evaluate the potential contributions of gut microbes and their metabolites to these beneficial effects. Our findings indicate that UA enhances immune balance in the jejunum, fortifies intestinal barrier function, and promotes overall gut health. UA modulates the intestinal microbiota and its metabolic processes, notably increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as and , along with their metabolites, including ornithine and lactucin. Additionally, UA inhibits the expression of interleukin-1 receptor 1 () and calcium (Ca) voltage-gated channel auxiliary subunit beta 2 () while enhancing the synthesis pathways of retinol and ascorbic acid, thereby exerting a protective influence on liver function. In summary, UA enhances intestinal immune homeostasis and promotes liver health, with these advantageous effects potentially mediated by beneficial bacteria ( and ) and their metabolites (ornithine and lactucin).
熊果酸（UA）具有显著的免疫调节和保肝作用；然而，其潜在机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在分析 UA 对肠道微生物组、代谢组和肝脏转录组的影响，探讨 UA 在维持肠道免疫稳态和肝脏健康中的作用，评估肠道微生物及其代谢物对这些有益作用的潜在贡献。我们的研究结果表明，UA 增强了空肠的免疫平衡，增强了肠道屏障功能，促进了整体肠道健康。UA 调节肠道微生物群及其代谢过程，显著增加了有益细菌（如和）的丰度，及其代谢物，包括鸟氨酸和乳蓟素。此外，UA 抑制白介素-1 受体 1（）和钙（Ca）电压门控通道辅助亚基 β2（）的表达，同时增强视黄醇和抗坏血酸的合成途径，从而对肝功能发挥保护作用。总之，UA 增强肠道免疫稳态，促进肝脏健康，这些有益作用可能通过有益细菌（和）及其代谢物（鸟氨酸和乳蓟素）介导。
