Lenoci Deborah, Moresco Elisa, Cavalieri Stefano, Bergamini Cristiana, Torchia Erica, Botta Laura, Canevari Silvana, Trama Annalisa, Licitra Lisa, De Cecco Loris
Integrated Biology of Rare Tumors Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Head and Neck Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy.
Front Oncol. 2024 Sep 20;14:1452909. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1452909. eCollection 2024.
Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) predominantly affects the tongue and the floor of the mouth, primarily in patients over 50 years of age. Incidence and mortality rates vary significantly worldwide, influenced by geographic areas and demographic characteristics. Epidemiological studies revealed an increase in incidence of OCSCC among young adults (YA) <44 years old. This narrative review, provides updated information on the incidence, risk factors, and prognosis of YA-OCSCC using data published from 2018 to 2023 from different geographic locations. The studies indicate that the incidence of YA-OCSCC in Asia is approximately twice that in the US and that the incidence is strongly linked to risk factors such as betel quid chewing, tobacco use, and high alcohol consumption. The prognosis for YA-OCSCC, compared to that in older patients, shows similar or better overall survival, even in cases with relapses, but worse 5-year disease-free survival, despite receiving similar treatments. Consequently, a concerted effort is crucial to raise awareness about the cessation of tobacco and areca nut use, alcohol control, and the promotion of healthy lifestyle behaviors. Recent molecular data on YA-OCSCC suggests a potential profile characterized by epidermal growth factor receptor overexpression, low tumor mutation burden and an attenuated immune response. Upon confirmation in larger cohorts of YA-OCSCC patients from different geographical areas, the validated markers could aid in selecting tailored treatments.
口腔鳞状细胞癌（OCSCC）主要影响舌头和口腔底部，主要发生在50岁以上的患者中。全球的发病率和死亡率差异显著，受地理区域和人口特征的影响。流行病学研究显示，44岁以下的年轻成年人（YA）中OCSCC的发病率有所增加。这篇叙述性综述利用2018年至2023年不同地理位置发表的数据，提供了关于YA-OCSCC发病率、危险因素和预后的最新信息。研究表明，亚洲YA-OCSCC的发病率约为美国的两倍，且发病率与槟榔咀嚼、烟草使用和高酒精消费等危险因素密切相关。与老年患者相比，YA-OCSCC的预后显示总体生存率相似或更好，即使在复发的情况下也是如此，但5年无病生存率较差，尽管接受了相似的治疗。因此，共同努力提高对戒烟和槟榔使用、酒精控制以及促进健康生活方式行为的认识至关重要。最近关于YA-OCSCC的分子数据表明，其潜在特征为表皮生长因子受体过度表达、肿瘤突变负担低和免疫反应减弱。在来自不同地理区域的更大规模YA-OCSCC患者队列中得到证实后，经过验证的标志物可有助于选择个性化治疗。
