Zhang Shuang, Zhang Cuiping, Guo Jia, Li Baojuan, Li Weiqin, Liu Jinnan, Feng Lingyan, Wang Peng
Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
Tianjin Women and Children's Health Center, Tianjin, China.
Nutr Res. 2024 Dec;132:15-26. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.09.013. Epub 2024 Sep 20.
Diet during pregnancy is crucial to maternal metabolism and fetal development, so exploring the most potent food risk factor could improve maternal and child health. In this study, we investigated the diet and lifestyle of 833 healthy pregnant women in the second trimester from November 2020 to August 2021. Based on the Tianjin Antenatal Care System in China, we followed up with these women and recorded their gestational weight gain (GWG) and newborn birth weight. We conducted a dietary survey through FFQ based on the food groups recommended by the Chinese Dietary Guidelines and included common ultra-processed foods. We collected 219 semi-quantitative FFQs and 614 self-reported FFQs for analysis. According to the consumption frequency of 12 food groups, 4 dietary patterns were extracted by principal component analysis. We analyzed the associations of food energy, consumption frequency, and dietary patterns with GWG and birth weight, especially GWG in the first and second trimesters (f-GWG). The results showed that f-GWG was positively correlated with food energy. Beverage consumption was associated with f-GWG (r = 0.288, P = .026) in obese pregnant women. A dietary pattern that favors high consumption of ultra-processed foods (fried foods, baked desserts, and sweet beverages) was associated with increased GWGs. Non-obesity women with high consumption of baked desserts and sweet beverages had higher GWGs (P < .05). After adjusting for confounding factors (including total energy, physical activity, and sleep quality), only sweet beverage consumption was associated with f-GWG (β 0.498, 95%CI 0.153-0.843) and birth weight (β 0.124, 95%CI 0.009-0.240). Sweet beverage consumption is a key adjustable risk factor for prenatal care.
孕期饮食对母体代谢和胎儿发育至关重要，因此探索最主要的食物风险因素有助于改善母婴健康。在本研究中，我们调查了2020年11月至2021年8月期间833名处于孕中期的健康孕妇的饮食和生活方式。基于中国天津产前保健系统，我们对这些孕妇进行随访，并记录她们的孕期体重增加（GWG）和新生儿出生体重。我们根据《中国居民膳食指南》推荐的食物类别，通过食物频率问卷（FFQ）进行饮食调查，问卷中纳入了常见的超加工食品。我们收集了219份半定量FFQ和614份自填式FFQ用于分析。根据12种食物类别的消费频率，通过主成分分析提取了4种饮食模式。我们分析了食物能量、消费频率和饮食模式与GWG及出生体重之间的关联，特别是孕早期和孕中期的GWG（f-GWG）。结果显示，f-GWG与食物能量呈正相关。在肥胖孕妇中，饮料消费与f-GWG相关（r = 0.288，P = 0.026）。一种倾向于高消费超加工食品（油炸食品、烘焙甜点和甜饮料）的饮食模式与GWG增加有关。高消费烘焙甜点和甜饮料的非肥胖女性GWG更高（P < 0.05）。在调整混杂因素（包括总能量、身体活动和睡眠质量）后，只有甜饮料消费与f-GWG（β 0.498，95%CI 0.153 - 0.843）和出生体重（β 0.124，95%CI 0.009 - 0.240）相关。甜饮料消费是产前保健的一个关键可调整风险因素。
