Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 40530 Gothenburg, Sweden.
Nutrients. 2020 Jan 25;12(2):317. doi: 10.3390/nu12020317.
Appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG) is important for fetal development and maternal health, but it is unclear what dietary factors predict GWG. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary quality during pregnancy and GWG. In total, 1113 pregnant women were recruited when registering for antenatal care. GWG was defined according to the Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines. GWG was calculated as measured body weight at registration for antenatal care, to gestational week 37 ± 2. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) administered in gestational week >31. In total, 40% gained within the IOM GWG recommendations, 25% had insufficient GWG and 35% excessive GWG. Women with a poor or fair quality diet gained approximately 2 kg more than women with a high-quality diet. Poor dietary quality was also associated with higher odds of excessive GWG, due to fat quality and intake of discretionary foods. In conclusion, poor quality dietary intake is associated with lower adherence to the guidelines on weight gain in pregnancy. A diet characterised by high-quality fat intake, low consumption of discretionary foods and high nutrient intake may promote healthy weight gain and prevent excessive GWG.
适当的孕期体重增加（GWG）对胎儿发育和母亲健康很重要，但目前尚不清楚哪些饮食因素可预测 GWG。本研究旨在探讨孕期饮食质量与 GWG 的关系。共有 1113 名孕妇在登记产前检查时被招募。GWG 根据医学研究所（IOM）指南定义。GWG 计算为登记产前检查时的测量体重到妊娠 37 周 ± 2。孕期 >31 周时通过食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估饮食摄入。共有 40%的孕妇符合 IOM GWG 推荐值，25%的孕妇 GWG 不足，35%的孕妇 GWG 过多。饮食质量差或一般的孕妇比饮食质量高的孕妇多增重约 2 公斤。不良的饮食质量还与 GWG 过多的几率增加有关，这是由于脂肪质量和可自由支配食物的摄入所致。总之，不良的饮食摄入与对孕期体重增加指南的低依从性有关。以高质量脂肪摄入、低可自由支配食物消耗和高营养摄入为特征的饮食可能促进健康的体重增加并预防 GWG 过多。
