Gratton Matthew K P, Charest Jonathan, Lickel James, Bender Amy M, Werthner Penny, Pedlar Charles R, Kipps Courtney, Lawson Doug, Samuels Charles H, Cook Jesse
Division of Medical Informatics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA.
Social and Behavioral Sciences, Psychology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA.
J Sleep Res. 2025 Jun;34(3):e14375. doi: 10.1111/jsr.14375. Epub 2024 Oct 19.
Burgeoning interest in marathons necessitates an understanding of performance determinants. Research has highlighted the importance of diet, training and sleep, yet relations of circadian preference and sleep inertia with marathon performance remain largely unexplored. Because marathons generally start early-to-mid morning, these characteristics may have relevant impact. This study investigates relationships of circadian preference, sleep inertia and their interaction with marathon completion time. Consenting participants in a 2016 large mass-participation city marathon completed self-report questionnaires capturing circadian preference and sleep inertia, along with demographics and other characteristics. Circadian preference and sleep inertia were described across subgroups. Analyses examined the associations and interactions of circadian preference and sleep inertia with marathon completion times, with adjusted analyses accounting for age, sex and sleep health. Participants were marathon finishers (n = 936; 64.5% male; 66.3% young-adults), with a majority reporting morningness tendencies (60.8%). Results supported a linear association between increasing eveningness preference with slower marathon times (p = 0.003; p = 0.002), while some support was provided for a linear relationship between greater sleep inertia and slower marathon times (p = 0.04; p = 0.07). A significant interaction was observed (p = 0.02; p = 0.01), with the directionality suggesting that the circadian preference relationship weakened when sleep inertia severity increased, and vice-versa. Our results suggest deleterious associations of increasing eveningness preference and greater sleep inertia with marathon completion time. These features may aid identifying marathoners who could be at a disadvantage, while also serving as modifiable targets for personalized training regimens preceding competition.
对马拉松运动日益增长的兴趣使得了解成绩的决定因素成为必要。研究强调了饮食、训练和睡眠的重要性，然而昼夜偏好和睡眠惰性与马拉松成绩之间的关系在很大程度上仍未得到探索。由于马拉松比赛通常在清晨至上午中旬开始，这些特征可能会产生相关影响。本研究调查了昼夜偏好、睡眠惰性及其相互作用与马拉松完赛时间之间的关系。2016年一场大型大众参与的城市马拉松比赛中的同意参与的选手完成了自我报告问卷，该问卷涵盖了昼夜偏好和睡眠惰性，以及人口统计学和其他特征。对各亚组的昼夜偏好和睡眠惰性进行了描述。分析考察了昼夜偏好和睡眠惰性与马拉松完赛时间之间的关联和相互作用，并进行了调整分析，纳入了年龄、性别和睡眠健康因素。参与者均为马拉松完赛者（n = 936；男性占64.5%；青年成年人占66.3%），大多数人报告有晨型倾向（60.8%）。结果支持了随着晚间型偏好增加，马拉松时间变慢之间的线性关联（p = 0.003；p = 0.002），同时也为更大的睡眠惰性与更慢的马拉松时间之间的线性关系提供了一些支持（p = 0.04；p = 0.07）。观察到显著的相互作用（p = 0.02；p = 0.01），其方向性表明当睡眠惰性严重程度增加时，昼夜偏好关系减弱，反之亦然。我们的结果表明，晚间型偏好增加和更大的睡眠惰性与马拉松完赛时间之间存在有害关联。这些特征可能有助于识别可能处于劣势的马拉松选手，同时也可作为比赛前个性化训练方案中可调整的目标。
