Division of Adolescent Medicine (T Coyne-Beasley), Departments of Pediatrics and Internal Medicine, Children's of Alabama, University of Alabama at Birmingham.
Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine (E Miller), UPMC Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, PA.
Acad Pediatr. 2024 Sep-Oct;24(7S):S152-S160. doi: 10.1016/j.acap.2024.02.009.
Adolescence is a critical developmental stage for young people as they transition into adulthood. Several important developmental tasks that must be completed during this transition include exploring one's identity, developing and applying abstract thinking, adjusting to a new physical sense of self, and fostering stable and productive peer relationships while striving for autonomy and independence from parents. Young people begin to adopt a personal value system and form their racial and ethnic, social, sexual, and moral identity within a society that may provide conflicting and nonaffirming messages. Adolescent development strives toward an affirmed sense of self and self-esteem, which is best accomplished within a nurturing psychosocial context that fosters positive youth development. Youth-focused interventions should intentionally promote affirmation of ancestry and cultural identity, intersections with other historically marginalized identities, and critical consciousness. Fostering healing environments that affirm and address the radical need for change, coaching parents and guardians as critical agents in the creation of affirmative environments for development, and conducting research using anti-oppressive approaches are additional strategies to promote positive youth development. Simultaneously, structural transformations that address underlying social inequities are needed. Health care systems should continue to diversify the workforce and train staff and clinicians in integrative, identity-based, and healing-centered approaches. Organizations should consider training in diversity and competencies related to belonging while safeguarding inclusion with policies, procedures, and practices. Public health and policymakers can embed intersectional approaches within structural and systemic processes, particularly in all policies.
青春期是年轻人从儿童向成年过渡的关键发展阶段。在这个过渡时期，必须完成几个重要的发展任务，包括探索自我身份、发展和运用抽象思维、适应新的自我身体感，以及在争取自主和独立于父母的同时培养稳定和富有成效的同伴关系。年轻人开始在一个可能提供相互矛盾和不肯定信息的社会中采用个人价值观体系，并形成他们的种族和民族、社会、性和道德身份。青少年发展努力追求自我肯定感和自尊心，而这最好是在一个培养积极青年发展的养育心理社会环境中完成的。以青年为重点的干预措施应该有意促进对祖先和文化身份的肯定，以及与其他历史上被边缘化的身份的交叉，以及批判性意识。培养肯定和解决激进变革需求的治疗环境，培养父母和监护人作为为发展创造肯定环境的关键代理人，并使用反压迫方法进行研究，这些都是促进积极青年发展的其他策略。同时，需要进行结构转型，以解决潜在的社会不平等问题。医疗保健系统应继续使劳动力多样化，并培训工作人员和临床医生采用综合、基于身份和以治疗为中心的方法。组织应考虑在多样性和归属感相关能力方面进行培训，同时通过政策、程序和实践来保障包容。公共卫生和政策制定者可以在结构和系统过程中嵌入交叉方法，特别是在所有政策中。
