Badza Kodami, Sawadogo Marie, Soro Y M
Laboratoire Énergies Renouvelables et Efficacité Énergétique (LabEREE), Institut International d'Ingénierie de l'Eau et de l'Environnement (2iE), Ouagadougou, 01, BP 594, Burkina Faso.
Heliyon. 2024 Oct 4;10(19):e38954. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e38954. eCollection 2024 Oct 15.
This study aims to evaluate and compare the environmental impacts of stand-alone photovoltaic (PV) systems with storage installed in Burkina Faso using the life cycle assessment (LCA). SimaPro 9.4 software, Ecoinvent 3.7 database, and the ReCiPe 2018 (H) median method were used to assess the environmental impacts. The functional unit considered is "1 kWh of electricity produced in Burkina Faso by a stand-alone PV system". Four scenarios combining two variables, battery technology (lead-acid and lithium-ion) and end-of-life management (landfill and recycling), were studied to assess 08 environmental indicators. The results show that production and end-of-life management of batteries and PV modules are the main contributors to the environmental impact, with batteries' impact ranging from 73 to 98 % for lead-acid and 50-68 % for lithium-ion batteries. Compared to landfilling, recycling significantly reduces environmental impacts, achieving reductions of 17-77 % for lead-acid batteries (LABs) and 3-99 % for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). The comparison between scenarios indicates that the LABs PV system with landfilling generates significantly higher scores across all impact categories than LIBs PV scenarios. Specifically, it shows scores over 10 times higher for human carcinogenic toxicity, 5 times higher for human non-carcinogenic toxicity, and 2 times higher for freshwater ecotoxicity. Despite extending battery lifespan, the sensitivity analysis revealed that landfill PV systems remain the most polluting, while in recycled scenarios, this extension brings them closer to the environmental performance of LIBs PV systems. The use of LIBs in photovoltaic systems is more environmentally friendly than that of LABs, regardless of the end-of-life scenario.
本研究旨在使用生命周期评估（LCA）来评估和比较布基纳法索安装有储能装置的独立光伏（PV）系统的环境影响。使用SimaPro 9.4软件、Ecoinvent 3.7数据库和ReCiPe 2018（H）中位数方法来评估环境影响。所考虑的功能单位是“布基纳法索的独立光伏系统产生的1千瓦时电力”。研究了四个结合了两个变量的情景，即电池技术（铅酸电池和锂离子电池）和报废管理（填埋和回收），以评估8个环境指标。结果表明，电池和光伏组件的生产及报废管理是环境影响的主要贡献因素，铅酸电池的影响范围为73%至98%，锂离子电池为50%至68%。与填埋相比，回收显著减少了环境影响，铅酸电池（LABs）减少了17%至77%，锂离子电池（LIBs）减少了3%至99%。情景之间的比较表明，采用填埋方式的铅酸电池光伏系统在所有影响类别中的得分均显著高于锂离子电池光伏情景。具体而言，其在人类致癌毒性方面的得分高出10倍以上，在人类非致癌毒性方面高出5倍，在淡水生态毒性方面高出2倍。尽管延长了电池寿命，但敏感性分析表明，填埋式光伏系统仍然是污染最严重的，而在回收情景中，这种延长使其更接近锂离子电池光伏系统的环境性能。无论报废情景如何，在光伏系统中使用锂离子电池都比铅酸电池更环保。
