Department of Dietetics and Nutritional Science, School of Health Sciences and Education, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece.
J Med Food. 2024 Nov;27(11):1009-1017. doi: 10.1089/jmf.2023.0054. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among communicable and noncommunicable diseases, and its prevalence is going to rise even more by 2030. The discovery of different "functional" foods containing a plethora of bioactive compounds is considered an ally in the effort to reduce the global CVD burden in the context of primary prevention. It has been about 3 decades since the observation that red wine consumption in French population could lead to lower coronary heart disease risk despite the high dietary consumption of saturated fats, known as the "French paradox." Since then, numerous epidemiological studies, mainly observational, have emerged in order to investigate this association with great enthusiasm. However, due to the nature of these studies, the scientific community has raised concerns about the methodological approach of the studies and thus the generalization of their results. Therefore, the current review aims to summarize some of the major methodological issues deriving from observational studies on the association between red wine consumption and cardiovascular health and to highlight the importance of higher quality study design in the general effort of drawing safer conclusions on this topic.
心血管疾病（CVD）是传染病和非传染病导致的主要死亡原因，到 2030 年，其发病率还将进一步上升。人们发现了许多含有大量生物活性化合物的“功能性”食品，这些食品被认为是在初级预防中降低全球 CVD 负担的盟友。大约 30 年前，人们观察到法国人的红酒消费可以降低冠心病风险，尽管他们的饮食中饱和脂肪摄入量很高，这被称为“法国悖论”。从那时起，为了深入研究这种关联，出现了大量主要为观察性的流行病学研究。然而，由于这些研究的性质，科学界对研究的方法学方法提出了担忧，因此对其结果的推广也存在疑虑。因此，目前的综述旨在总结一些与红酒消费与心血管健康之间的关联的观察性研究中产生的主要方法学问题，并强调在这个主题上得出更安全结论的努力中，更高质量的研究设计的重要性。
