Aktaş Ahmet, Ekren Berkay Yekta, Yaşa Beril, Sezerman Osman Uğur, Nakipoğlu Yaşar
Medical Microbiology Department, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Türkiye.
Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Acıbadem MAA University, 34752 Istanbul, Türkiye.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Oct 16;13(10):977. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13100977.
The human gut microbiota is an extensive population of microorganisms, and it shows significant variations between periods of optimal health and periods of illness. Vancomycin-resistant (VRE) and carbapenem-resistant (CRKP) are both pathogenic agents (BPAs) that can colonize in the gut after dysbiosis of microbiotal composition following antibiotic treatment. This study aimed to investigate the impact of antibiotics on the microbiotal composition of the gut. For this purpose, the first pass meconiums of 20 patients and the first rectal swabs containing BPAs of the same patients after antibiotic treatment were studied using next-generation sequencing-based 16S rRNA gene analysis. The V1-V9 region of 16S rRNA was sequenced with Oxford Nanopore. Twenty-five phyla were detected in the meconiums, and 12 of them were absent after antibiotic treatment. The four most prevalent phyla in meconiums were Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Bacteroidota, and Actinomycetota. Only the relative abundance of Pseudomonadota was increased, while a significant decrease was observed in the other three phyla ( < 0.05). A significant decrease was observed in alpha-diversity in rectal swabs containing BPAs versus meconiums ( = 0.00408), whereas an increased variance was observed in beta-diversity in all samples ( < 0.05). As a result of a LEfSe analysis, Pseudomonadota was found to have a higher relative abundance in rectal swabs, and Bacillota was significantly higher in the meconiums of the twins. Our study strongly verified the relationship between the administration of antibiotics, dysbiosis, and colonization of BPAs in the infants' gut microbiota. Further research would be beneficial and needed, comprising the natural development process of the infants' gut microbiota.
人类肠道微生物群是大量的微生物群体，在健康最佳期和患病期之间表现出显著差异。耐万古霉素（VRE）和耐碳青霉烯（CRKP）都是病原体（BPAs），在抗生素治疗后微生物组成失调后可在肠道中定植。本研究旨在调查抗生素对肠道微生物组成的影响。为此，使用基于下一代测序的16S rRNA基因分析，研究了20名患者的首次胎粪以及这些患者在抗生素治疗后首次含有BPAs的直肠拭子。16S rRNA的V1-V9区域用牛津纳米孔进行测序。在胎粪中检测到25个门，其中12个在抗生素治疗后消失。胎粪中最常见的四个门是芽孢杆菌门、假单胞菌门、拟杆菌门和放线菌门。只有假单胞菌门的相对丰度增加，而其他三个门则显著下降（<0.05）。与胎粪相比，含有BPAs的直肠拭子中的α多样性显著降低（=0.00408），而所有样本中的β多样性方差增加（<0.05）。LEfSe分析结果显示，假单胞菌门在直肠拭子中的相对丰度较高，而芽孢杆菌门在双胞胎的胎粪中显著更高。我们的研究有力地证实了抗生素给药、生态失调和BPAs在婴儿肠道微生物群中定植之间的关系。进一步的研究将是有益的且有必要的，包括婴儿肠道微生物群的自然发育过程。
