Todorović Nevena, Ambrosio Maria Raffaella, Amedei Amedeo
Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy.
Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, University Clinical Centre of Serbia, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Pathogens. 2024 Oct 8;13(10):876. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13100876.
EBV infects more than 90% of people globally, causing lifelong infection. The phases of the EBV life cycle encompass primary infection, latency, and subsequent reactivation or lytic phase. The primary infection usually happens without noticeable symptoms, commonly in early life stages. If it manifests after childhood, it could culminate in infectious mononucleosis. Regarding potential late consequences, EBV is associated with multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic active EBV infection, lymphomas, and carcinomas. Previous reports that the lytic phase plays a negligible or merely secondary role in the oncogenesis of EBV-related tumors are steadily losing credibility. The right mechanisms through which the lytic cycle contributes to carcinogenesis are still unclear, but it is now recognized that lytic genes are expressed to some degree in different cancer-type cells, implicating their role here. The lytic infection is a persistent aspect of virus activity, continuously stimulating the immune system. EBV shows different strategies to modulate and avoid the immune system, which is thought to be a key factor in its ability to cause cancer. So, the principal goal of our review is to explore the EBV's lytic phase contribution to oncogenesis.
全球超过90%的人感染过EB病毒，导致终身感染。EB病毒生命周期的阶段包括初次感染、潜伏期以及随后的再激活或裂解期。初次感染通常没有明显症状，常见于生命早期阶段。如果在儿童期后出现症状，则可能发展为传染性单核细胞增多症。关于潜在的晚期后果，EB病毒与多发性硬化症、类风湿性关节炎、慢性活动性EB病毒感染、淋巴瘤和癌症有关。以前有报道称裂解期在EB病毒相关肿瘤的肿瘤发生中起微不足道或仅次要的作用，但这些报道的可信度正在逐渐降低。裂解周期促进癌变的确切机制仍不清楚，但现在人们认识到裂解基因在不同类型的癌细胞中会有一定程度的表达，这表明它们在此过程中发挥了作用。裂解感染是病毒活动的一个持续方面，不断刺激免疫系统。EB病毒表现出不同的策略来调节和逃避免疫系统，这被认为是其致癌能力的一个关键因素。因此，我们综述的主要目的是探讨EB病毒裂解期对肿瘤发生的贡献。
