Li Haonan, Li Lun, Li Yuan, Ji Qing, Zhao Jianbo, Ge Zixi, Zhou Qi, Sun Quan
School of Physical Education, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China.
School of Geography and Information Engineering, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan, China.
PLoS One. 2025 May 12;20(5):e0310585. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0310585. eCollection 2025.
The spatial configuration and social performance of public sports facilities serve as crucial indicators for evaluating the equity of public sports services and the coherence of urban spatial structure. As Shanghai accelerates its development into a globally renowned sports city, the construction of public sports facilities has encountered significant opportunities. However, challenges persist in the spatial distribution, accessibility, and quality of these facilities. This study investigates the spatial agglomeration characteristics, accessibility, and social performance of urban public sports facilities in Shanghai at both the street and grid scales. Using geographic information system (GIS) tools and analytical methods such as kernel density estimation, standard deviation ellipse, spatial autocorrelation, Gaussian two-step moving search, and the Gini coefficient, the analysis yields the following findings: 1) Public sports facilities in Shanghai are concentrated in the central urban areas and exhibit scattered spatial distribution patterns in peripheral regions. These facilities display a significant directional coupling with population distribution (northeast-southwest), reflecting pronounced spatial imbalances. 2) Social performance analysis reveals clear regional inequities in Shanghai's public sports facilities. While overall accessibility is relatively high, disparities remain, with suburbs facing facility shortages. Regional equity measurements indicate that the Gini coefficient for public sports facilities in Shanghai is 0.58. Central urban areas possess a high density of facilities, while suburban areas suffer from inadequate facility coverage, leading to uneven service radii and a pattern of high agglomeration but low coverage. 3) The social equity analysis shows that the service capacity entropy of public sports facilities exhibits a distinct spatial distribution, characterized by high values in the east and west and low values in the center. The highest entropy value is 4.25, while the lowest is 0.02. This study provides valuable insights for the planning and optimization of urban public sports facilities in Shanghai, contributing to the enhancement of spatial equity and service effectiveness.
公共体育设施的空间布局与社会绩效是评估公共体育服务公平性和城市空间结构协调性的关键指标。随着上海加快建设成为具有全球影响力的体育城市，公共体育设施建设迎来了重大机遇。然而，这些设施在空间分布、可达性和质量方面仍存在挑战。本研究从街道和网格尺度对上海市城市公共体育设施的空间集聚特征、可达性和社会绩效进行了调查。运用地理信息系统（GIS）工具以及核密度估计、标准差椭圆、空间自相关、高斯两步移动搜索和基尼系数等分析方法，分析得出以下结果：1）上海市公共体育设施集中于中心城区，周边区域呈现分散的空间分布格局。这些设施与人口分布呈现显著的方向耦合（东北—西南），反映出明显的空间不均衡。2）社会绩效分析显示，上海市公共体育设施存在明显的区域不平等。虽然总体可达性相对较高，但仍存在差距，郊区面临设施短缺问题。区域公平性测量表明，上海市公共体育设施的基尼系数为0.58。中心城区设施密度高，而郊区设施覆盖不足，导致服务半径不均，呈现高集聚、低覆盖的格局。3）社会公平性分析表明，公共体育设施的服务能力熵呈现出独特的空间分布，东部和西部较高，中部较低。最高熵值为4.25，最低为0.02。本研究为上海市城市公共体育设施的规划与优化提供了有价值的见解，有助于提高空间公平性和服务效能。
