Department of Refrigeration and Cryogenic Technology, Conditioning Systems, and Life Support Systems, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 105005 Moscow, Russia.
Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov University, 119048 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Oct 16;25(20):11124. doi: 10.3390/ijms252011124.
Recent years have witnessed significant advancements in the cryopreservation of various tissues and cells, yet several challenges persist. This review evaluates the current state of cryopreservation, focusing on contemporary methods, notable achievements, and ongoing difficulties. Techniques such as slow freezing and vitrification have enabled the successful preservation of diverse biological materials, including embryos and ovarian tissue, marking substantial progress in reproductive medicine and regenerative therapies. These achievements highlight improved post-thaw survival and functionality of cryopreserved samples. However, there are remaining challenges such as ice crystal formation, which can lead to cell damage, and the cryopreservation of larger, more complex tissues and organs. This review also explores the role of cryoprotectants and the importance of optimizing both cooling and warming rates to enhance preservation outcomes. Future research priorities include developing new cryoprotective agents, elucidating the mechanisms of cryoinjury, and refining protocols for preserving complex tissues and organs. This comprehensive overview underscores the transformative potential of cryopreservation in biomedicine, while emphasizing the necessity for ongoing innovation to address existing challenges.
近年来，各种组织和细胞的低温保存技术取得了重大进展，但仍存在一些挑战。本综述评估了低温保存的现状，重点介绍了当代方法、显著成就和持续存在的困难。慢速冷冻和玻璃化等技术已经能够成功保存包括胚胎和卵巢组织在内的多种生物材料，这标志着生殖医学和再生疗法取得了重大进展。这些成就突出了提高了冷冻保存样本的解冻后存活率和功能。然而，仍存在一些挑战，如冰晶形成，这可能导致细胞损伤，以及更大、更复杂的组织和器官的低温保存。本综述还探讨了冷冻保护剂的作用，以及优化冷却和升温速率以提高保存效果的重要性。未来的研究重点包括开发新的冷冻保护剂、阐明冷冻损伤的机制，以及完善保存复杂组织和器官的方案。这一全面综述强调了低温保存在生物医学中的变革潜力，同时强调了需要不断创新以应对现有挑战。
