Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Adelaide Dental School, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
J Dent. 2024 Dec;151:105435. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105435. Epub 2024 Oct 25.
Among healthy people, we understand very little about the sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dental hygiene behaviours that shape their oral microbiota. This study investigates how sociodemographic, lifestyle and dental hygiene behaviours shape oral microbiota diversity and composition in an Australian population to better inform healthy oral microbiota donors for Oral Microbiota Transplantation (OMT).
The study comprised 93 healthy adults who underwent comprehensive oral examinations and questionnaires to assess their health status. Participants were excluded if they had any active systemic or oral disease. All completed a questionnaire containing information on socio-economic, lifestyle, behavioural, and oral health factors. Supragingival plaque was collected, and 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) amplicon sequencing was used to analyse microbial composition. Associations between the core microbiome, alpha- (within-sample), beta-diversity (between-sample) and an individual's co-variates were tested for statistical significance. A redundancy analysis (RDA), multivariate adonis, differential abundance and correlation analysis were performed to characterise which factors drive the variation in the healthy oral microbiome.
Streptococcus and Corynebacterium were the most prevalent and abundant genera among healthy Australians. The alpha and beta diversity were higher among unemployed non-Australian-born students who consumed low carbohydrates, fat, and sugar and had not visited the dentist for over 12 months. Additionally, beta diversity was significantly higher among daily flossers who abstained from fluoride treatment and had high salivary pH, although no single factor explained >4 % of the total variation (R= 0.042). Alloprevotella, Lachnosporacea, and Parvimonas were significantly abundant among non-Australians who did not visit the dentist within a year. The RDA analysis revealed associations between microbiome composition and factors such as high carbohydrate, sugar, and fat consumption, low fibre intake, and regular dental checks among Australian-born individuals.
These findings indicate that alpha and beta diversity of the oral microbiome varied significantly with sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors, including non-Australian birthplaces, unemployment, diet, and infrequent dental visits.
These findings underscore the importance of considering diverse sociodemographic, lifestyle, and dietary factors in oral health management. Before microbiome transplantations, clinicians should account for individual characteristics that may be beneficial for shaping and maintaining optimal oral microbiome diversity and health.
在健康人群中，我们对塑造其口腔微生物组的社会人口统计学、生活方式和口腔卫生行为知之甚少。本研究旨在调查社会人口统计学、生活方式和口腔卫生行为如何塑造澳大利亚人群的口腔微生物多样性和组成，以便更好地为口腔微生物移植（OMT）提供健康的口腔微生物组供体。
该研究纳入了 93 名健康成年人，他们接受了全面的口腔检查和问卷调查，以评估他们的健康状况。如果参与者患有任何活动性全身或口腔疾病，则将其排除在外。所有参与者均完成了一份包含社会经济、生活方式、行为和口腔健康因素信息的问卷。采集龈上菌斑，采用 16S 核糖体 RNA(rRNA) 扩增子测序分析微生物组成。测试核心微生物组、alpha（样本内）、beta 多样性（样本间）与个体协变量之间的关联是否具有统计学意义。进行冗余分析（RDA）、多变量 adonis、差异丰度和相关性分析，以表征哪些因素驱动健康口腔微生物组的变化。
在健康的澳大利亚人群中，链球菌属和棒状杆菌属是最普遍和丰富的属。非澳大利亚出生的失业学生、碳水化合物、脂肪和糖摄入量低且超过 12 个月未看牙医的人群，alpha 和 beta 多样性较高。每天使用牙线且避免氟化物处理以及唾液 pH 值较高的人群，beta 多样性显著较高，尽管没有单个因素解释总变异的>4%（R=0.042）。一年内未看牙医的非澳大利亚人，Alloprevotella、Lachnosporacea 和 Parvimonas 丰度显著较高。RDA 分析表明，口腔微生物组组成与某些因素之间存在关联，例如高碳水化合物、糖和脂肪摄入、低纤维摄入以及澳大利亚出生人群的定期牙科检查。
这些发现表明，口腔微生物组的 alpha 和 beta 多样性与社会人口统计学、生活方式和饮食等因素显著相关，包括非澳大利亚出生地、失业、饮食和不频繁看牙医。
这些发现强调了在口腔健康管理中考虑多样化的社会人口统计学、生活方式和饮食因素的重要性。在进行微生物移植之前，临床医生应该考虑个体特征，这些特征可能有益于塑造和维持最佳口腔微生物组多样性和健康。
