Fernandez y Mostajo Mercedes, van der Reijden Wil A, Buijs Mark J, Beertsen Wouter, Van der Weijden Fridus, Crielaard Wim, Zaura Egija
Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam Amsterdam, Netherlands.
Regional Laboratory for Public Health Haarlem, Department Molecular Biology Haarlem, Netherlands.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2014 Jul 23;4:95. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2014.00095. eCollection 2014.
Oral bacteria live in symbiosis with the host. Therefore, when mouthwashes are indicated, selective inhibition of taxa contributing to disease is preferred instead of broad-spectrum antimicrobials. The potential selectivity of an oxygenating mouthwash, Ardox-X® (AX), has not been assessed. The aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial potential of AX and the effects of a twice-daily oral rinse on dental plaque composition.
In vitro, 16 oral bacterial strains were tested using agar diffusion susceptibility, minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentration tests. A pilot clinical study was performed with 25 healthy volunteers. Clinical assessments and microbiological sampling of supragingival plaque were performed at 1 month before the experiment (Pre-exp), at the start of the experiment (Baseline) and after the one-week experimental period (Post-exp). During the experiment individuals used AX mouthwash twice daily in absence of other oral hygiene measures. The microbiological composition of plaque was assessed by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing.
AX showed high inter-species variation in microbial growth inhibition. The tested Prevotella strains and Fusobacterium nucleatum showed the highest sensitivity, while streptococci and Lactobacillus acidophilus were most resistant to AX. Plaque scores at Pre-exp and Baseline visits did not differ significantly (p = 0.193), nor did the microbial composition of plaque. During a period of 7-days non-brushing but twice daily rinsing plaque scores increased from 2.21 (0.31) at Baseline to 2.43 (0.39) Post-exp. A significant microbial shift in composition was observed: genus Streptococcus and Veillonella increased while Corynebacterium, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, Cardiobacterium and Capnocytophaga decreased (p ≤ 0.001).
AX has the potential for selective inhibition of oral bacteria. The shift in oral microbiome after 1 week of rinsing deserves further research.
口腔细菌与宿主共生。因此，当需要使用漱口水时，优先选择选择性抑制导致疾病的菌群，而非广谱抗菌剂。一种氧化型漱口水Ardox-X®（AX）的潜在选择性尚未得到评估。本研究的目的是确定AX的抗菌潜力以及每日两次口腔冲洗对牙菌斑成分的影响。
在体外，使用琼脂扩散药敏试验、最低抑菌浓度和最低杀菌浓度试验对16种口腔细菌菌株进行测试。对25名健康志愿者进行了一项初步临床研究。在实验前1个月（实验前）、实验开始时（基线）和为期1周的实验期后（实验后）进行临床评估和龈上菌斑的微生物采样。在实验期间，个体在不采取其他口腔卫生措施的情况下每日使用两次AX漱口水。通过16S rRNA基因扩增子测序评估菌斑的微生物组成。
AX在微生物生长抑制方面表现出较高的种间差异。测试的普雷沃氏菌菌株和具核梭杆菌显示出最高的敏感性，而链球菌和嗜酸乳杆菌对AX最具抗性。实验前和基线访视时的菌斑评分无显著差异（p = 0.193），菌斑的微生物组成也无差异。在为期7天不刷牙但每日冲洗两次的期间，菌斑评分从基线时的2.21（0.31）增加到实验后的2.43（0.39）。观察到微生物组成发生了显著变化：链球菌属和韦荣氏菌属增加，而棒状杆菌属、嗜血杆菌属、纤毛菌属、心杆菌属和二氧化碳嗜纤维菌属减少（p≤0.001）。
AX具有选择性抑制口腔细菌的潜力。冲洗1周后口腔微生物群的变化值得进一步研究。
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