Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
Population Cancer Research Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada.
mSphere. 2020 Sep 30;5(5):e00451-20. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00451-20.
More than 1,000 different species of microbes have been found to live within the human oral cavity, where they play important roles in maintaining both oral and systemic health. Several studies have identified the core members of this microbial community; however, the factors that determine oral microbiome composition are not well understood. In this study, we exam the salivary oral microbiome of 1,049 Atlantic Canadians using 16S rRNA gene sequencing to determine which dietary, lifestyle, and anthropometric features play a role in shaping microbial community composition. Features that were identified as being significantly associated with overall composition then were additionally examined for genera, amplicon sequence variants, and predicted pathway abundances that were associated with these features. Several associations were replicated in an additional secondary validation data set. Overall, we found that several anthropometric measurements, including waist-hip ratio (WHR), height, and fat-free mass, as well as age and sex, were associated with overall oral microbiome structure in both our exploratory and validation data sets. We were unable to validate any dietary impacts on overall taxonomic oral microbiome composition but did find evidence to suggest potential contributions from factors such as the number of vegetable and refined grain servings an individual consumes. Interestingly, each one of these factors on its own was associated with only minor shifts in the overall taxonomic composition of the oral microbiome, suggesting that future biomarker identification for several diseases associated with the oral microbiome can be undertaken without the worry of confounding factors obscuring biological signals. The human oral cavity is inhabited by a diverse community of microbes, known as the human oral microbiome. These microbes play a role in maintaining both oral and systemic health and, as such, have been proposed to be useful biomarkers of disease. However, to identify these biomarkers, we first need to determine the composition and variation of the healthy oral microbiome. In this report, we investigate the oral microbiome of 1,049 healthy individuals to determine which genera and amplicon sequence variants are commonly found between individual oral microbiomes. We then further investigate how lifestyle, anthropometric, and dietary choices impact overall microbiome composition. Interestingly, the results from this investigation showed that while many features were significantly associated with oral microbiome composition, no single biological factor explained a variation larger than 2%. These results indicate that future work on biomarker detection may be encouraged by the lack of strong confounding factors.
已经发现，有超过 1000 种不同的微生物生活在人类口腔内，它们在维持口腔和全身健康方面发挥着重要作用。有几项研究已经确定了这个微生物群落的核心成员；然而，决定口腔微生物组组成的因素还不是很清楚。在这项研究中，我们使用 16S rRNA 基因测序检查了 1049 名加拿大大西洋人的唾液口腔微生物组，以确定哪些饮食、生活方式和人体测量特征在塑造微生物群落组成方面发挥作用。被确定与整体组成显著相关的特征，然后被进一步检查与这些特征相关的属、扩增子序列变体和预测途径丰度。在一个额外的二次验证数据集，有几个关联被复制。总的来说，我们发现包括腰臀比(WHR)、身高和去脂体重在内的几个人体测量指标，以及年龄和性别，与我们的探索性和验证性数据集中的口腔微生物组整体结构相关。我们无法验证饮食对口腔微生物组整体分类组成的任何影响，但确实有证据表明，个体消耗的蔬菜和精制谷物份数等因素可能有潜在的贡献。有趣的是，这些因素中的每一个本身与口腔微生物组的整体分类组成只有很小的变化有关，这表明，未来与口腔微生物组相关的几种疾病的生物标志物识别可以在不用担心混杂因素掩盖生物信号的情况下进行。人类口腔被称为人类口腔微生物组的多种微生物所占据。这些微生物在维持口腔和全身健康方面发挥着作用，因此被认为是疾病的有用生物标志物。然而，要确定这些生物标志物，我们首先需要确定健康口腔微生物组的组成和变化。在本报告中，我们调查了 1049 名健康个体的口腔微生物组，以确定哪些属和扩增子序列变体在个体口腔微生物组之间普遍存在。然后，我们进一步研究了生活方式、人体测量和饮食选择如何影响整体微生物组组成。有趣的是，这项研究的结果表明，虽然许多特征与口腔微生物组组成显著相关，但没有一个单一的生物因素解释了超过 2%的变化。这些结果表明，由于缺乏强烈的混杂因素，未来的生物标志物检测工作可能会受到鼓励。
