School of Nursing and Rehabilitation, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
Nursing Department, Rugao Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, PR China.
Int J Food Sci Nutr. 2024 Dec;75(8):898-910. doi: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2420263. Epub 2024 Oct 27.
To explore the differences in ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption across different socioeconomic status (SES) levels.
Data on UPF consumption (grams/day) were derived from the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. The analysis controlled for age, marital status, race, and sex. A restricted cubic spline (RCS) model was applied to examine the nonlinear response curve.
UPF consumption increased with higher poverty income ratio (PIR), the ratio of household income to the established poverty line. Compared to the low PIR group, the medium group showed a non-significant increase (β = 34.23[95%CI: -28.81, 97.28], = 0.287), while the high group exhibited a significant increase (β = 115.15[95%CI: 43.53, 186.76], = 0.002). A linear positive correlation was observed in RCS analysis (-nonlinear = 0.166, -overall < 0.001).
The study highlights that higher SES is associated with greater consumption of UPF in the US. The findings suggest that policy interventions should take SES into consideration.
探究不同社会经济地位（SES）水平下超加工食品（UPF）消费的差异。
本研究数据来源于 2017-2018 年全国健康与营养调查，其中包含 UPF 消费（克/天）的数据。分析中控制了年龄、婚姻状况、种族和性别等因素。采用受限立方样条（RCS）模型来检验非线性响应曲线。
UPF 消费随着贫困收入比（PIR）的增加而增加，PIR 为家庭收入与既定贫困线的比值。与低 PIR 组相比，中 PIR 组的 UPF 消费呈非显著性增加（β=34.23[95%CI：-28.81, 97.28]，=0.287），而高 PIR 组则呈显著性增加（β=115.15[95%CI：43.53, 186.76]，=0.002）。RCS 分析显示呈线性正相关（-非线性=0.166，-整体<0.001）。
本研究表明，较高的 SES 与美国 UPF 消费的增加有关。研究结果提示政策干预应考虑 SES 因素。
