Moreno-Altamirano Laura, Robles-Rivera Karina, Castelán-Sánchez Hugo G, Vaca-Paniagua Felipe, Iñarritu Pérez María Del Carmen, Hernández-Valencia Sandra Elvia, Cruz-Casarrubias Carlos, García-García Juan José, Ruíz de la Cruz Miguel, Martínez-Gregorio Héctor, Díaz Velásquez Clara Estela, Soto-Estrada Guadalupe, Navarro-Ocaña Armando, Carrillo-Medina Santiago
Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Copilco, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Research Department, Secretariat of Clinical Education, Medical Internship and Social Service, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Avenida Universidad 3000, Copilco Universidad, Coyoacán, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Nutrients. 2024 Dec 9;16(23):4241. doi: 10.3390/nu16234241.
The gut microbiota plays a vital role in various physical and physiological processes, including immune system regulation, neurotransmitter production, inflammatory response modulation, and the inhibition of pathogenic organisms. An imbalance in the microbial community, known as dysbiosis, has been associated with numerous health issues. Biological influences, health behaviors, socioeconomic determinants, and nutritional status can disrupt this balance.
To evaluate the differences in the gut microbiota composition in medical students according to fiber intake, ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption, sex, body mass index, and socioeconomic status.
A cross-sectional study was conducted with 91 medical students, and 82 fecal samples were analyzed. Sociodemographic and dietary data were collected via questionnaires, UPF consumption was assessed using the NOVA classification, and trained nutritionists performed anthropometry. DNA extraction and 16S rRNA sequencing were performed for the microbial analysis. Bioinformatics and statistical tests included the Dunn and Kruskal-Wallis tests, a PCoA analysis, PERMANOVA, ANOVA, Spearman's rank correlation, and alpha and beta diversity metrics.
Dietary fiber intake strongly influences gut microbiota composition. Lower fiber intake was associated with a higher prevalence of and . was more prevalent in individuals with lower UPF intake, while was prevalent in those with higher UPF consumption. Significant differences were associated with sex and UPF consumption but not BMI or SES. Women consumed more UPF, which correlated with distinct gut microbiota profiles.
This study highlights the significant impact of diet, particularly fiber intake and UPF, on gut microbiota composition, emphasizing the importance of dietary habits in maintaining gut health.
肠道微生物群在各种身体和生理过程中发挥着至关重要的作用，包括免疫系统调节、神经递质产生、炎症反应调节以及对致病生物的抑制。微生物群落的失衡，即生态失调，与众多健康问题相关。生物影响、健康行为、社会经济决定因素和营养状况都可能破坏这种平衡。
根据纤维摄入量、超加工食品（UPF）消费量、性别、体重指数和社会经济地位，评估医学生肠道微生物群组成的差异。
对91名医学生进行了横断面研究，并分析了82份粪便样本。通过问卷调查收集社会人口统计学和饮食数据，使用NOVA分类法评估UPF消费量，并由训练有素的营养师进行人体测量。进行DNA提取和16S rRNA测序以进行微生物分析。生物信息学和统计测试包括邓恩检验和克鲁斯卡尔-沃利斯检验、主坐标分析（PCoA）、多变量方差分析（PERMANOVA）、方差分析（ANOVA）、斯皮尔曼等级相关性分析以及α和β多样性指标。
膳食纤维摄入量对肠道微生物群组成有强烈影响。较低的纤维摄入量与[具体细菌名称1]和[具体细菌名称2]的较高患病率相关。[具体细菌名称3]在UPF摄入量较低的个体中更为普遍，而[具体细菌名称4]在UPF消费量较高的个体中普遍存在。显著差异与性别和UPF消费量有关，但与体重指数或社会经济地位无关。女性摄入更多的UPF，这与不同的肠道微生物群特征相关。
本研究强调了饮食，特别是纤维摄入量和UPF，对肠道微生物群组成的重大影响，强调了饮食习惯在维持肠道健康中的重要性。
