Analyzes of pan-genome and resequencing atlas unveil the genetic basis of jujube domestication.

Jujube (Ziziphus jujuba Mill.), belonging to the Rhamnaceae family, is gaining increasing prominence as a perennial fruit crop with significant economic and medicinal values. Here, we conduct de novo assembly of four reference-grade genomes, encompassing one wild and three cultivated jujube accessions. We present insights into the population structure, genetic diversity, and genomic variations within a diverse collection of 1059 jujube accessions. Analyzes of the jujube pan-genome, based on our four assemblies and four previously released genomes, reveal extensive genomic variations within domestication-associated regions, potentially leading to the discovery of a candidate gene that regulates flowering and fruit ripening. By leveraging the pan-genome and a large-scale resequencing population, we identify two candidate genes involved in domestication traits, including the seed-setting rate, the bearing-shoot length and the leaf size in jujube. These genomic resources will accelerate evolutionary and functional genomics studies of jujube.