Yang Hui-Si, Zheng Yue-Xiang, Bai Xue, He Xiu-Ying, Wang Ting-Hua
Department of Neurology and National Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Research Base, The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan Province, China.
Department of Anesthesiology, Institute of Neurological Disease, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan Province, China.
World J Orthop. 2024 Oct 18;15(10):918-931. doi: 10.5312/wjo.v15.i10.918.
Urine-derived stem cells (USCs) are derived from urine and harbor the potential of proliferation and multidirectional differentiation. Moreover, USCs could be reprogrammed into pluripotent stem cells [namely urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (UiPSCs)] through transcription factors, such as octamer binding transcription factor 4, sex determining region Y-box 2, kruppel-like factor 4, myelocytomatosis oncogene, and Nanog homeobox and protein lin-28, in which the first four are known as Yamanaka factors. Mounting evidence supports that USCs and UiPSCs possess high potential of neurogenic, myogenic, and osteogenic differentiation, indicating that they may play a crucial role in the treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal diseases. Therefore, we summarized the origin and physiological characteristics of USCs and UiPSCs and their therapeutic application in neurological and musculoskeletal disorders in this review, which not only contributes to deepen our understanding of hallmarks of USCs and UiPSCs but also provides the theoretical basis for the treatment of neurological and musculoskeletal disorders with USCs and UiPSCs.
尿液来源的干细胞（USCs）源自尿液，具有增殖和多向分化的潜能。此外，通过转录因子，如八聚体结合转录因子4、性别决定区Y框蛋白2、 kruppel样因子4、原癌基因c-myc和同源盒蛋白Nanog以及蛋白lin-28，USCs可被重编程为多能干细胞[即尿液来源的诱导多能干细胞（UiPSCs）]，其中前四种被称为山中因子。越来越多的证据支持USCs和UiPSCs具有神经源性、肌源性和成骨分化的高潜能，表明它们可能在神经和肌肉骨骼疾病的治疗中发挥关键作用。因此，在本综述中，我们总结了USCs和UiPSCs的来源、生理特征及其在神经和肌肉骨骼疾病中的治疗应用，这不仅有助于加深我们对USCs和UiPSCs特征的理解，也为用USCs和UiPSCs治疗神经和肌肉骨骼疾病提供了理论依据。
