Estrada Laura Beatriz Dias, Borelli Wyllians Vendramini, Durgante Helen Bedinoto
Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Faculdade de Medicina, Curso de Psicologia, Pelotas RS, Brazil.
Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Hospital Moinhos de Vento, Department of Morphological Sciences, Porto Alegre RS, Brazil.
Dement Neuropsychol. 2024 Oct 25;18:e20240135. doi: 10.1590/1980-5764-DN-2024-0135. eCollection 2024.
To date, little is known about psychological and personality variables related to protective factors against the development of dementia. The Five-Factor Model of personality is worldwide recognized and consolidated for understanding the structure and operation of personality, organized into five main factors that delineate and elucidate personality traits/characteristics.
We aimed to analyze the association of the Five-Factor Model with the epidemiological classification of dementia.
Cross-sectional design with data collected from the first wave of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSI-Brazil) cohort study, the largest longitudinal study on aging in Brazil. Data gathered from the ELSI-Brazil provided the foundation for demographic and health-related variables (gender, age, education, lifestyle, etc.), mental health indicators, and items associated with personality traits. Logistic regression models were conducted with personality traits as predictors of dementia.
The psychoindicator optimism was the only protective factor associated with dementia (p=0.006). The other variables were not significant predictors in this sample.
Optimism, as a dispositional variable related to personality factors (conscientiousness and neuroticism), emerges as a target variable possible to be developed in preventive longitudinal psychosocial interventions, based on theoretical and empirical evidence of learned optimism, to improve health promotion and self-care throughout life. The data from this study contribute to the advancement of research and to efforts of strengthening services and professional qualification for health and care practices, focused on protective factors, crucial to the global agenda for dementia care and research.
迄今为止，关于与预防痴呆症发展的保护因素相关的心理和人格变量知之甚少。人格五因素模型在全球范围内得到认可并巩固，用于理解人格的结构和运作，它由五个主要因素组成，这些因素描绘并阐释了人格特质/特征。
我们旨在分析人格五因素模型与痴呆症流行病学分类之间的关联。
采用横断面设计，数据收集自巴西衰老纵向研究（ELSI-巴西）队列研究的第一波，这是巴西最大的衰老纵向研究。从ELSI-巴西收集的数据为人口统计学和健康相关变量（性别、年龄、教育程度、生活方式等）、心理健康指标以及与人格特质相关的项目提供了基础。以人格特质作为痴呆症的预测因素进行逻辑回归模型分析。
心理指标乐观是与痴呆症相关的唯一保护因素（p = 0.006）。在这个样本中，其他变量不是显著的预测因素。
基于习得性乐观的理论和实证证据，乐观作为与人格因素（尽责性和神经质）相关的一种特质变量，成为预防性纵向心理社会干预中可能发展的目标变量，以改善一生的健康促进和自我护理。本研究的数据有助于推进研究，并为加强健康和护理实践的服务及专业资质做出努力，重点关注保护因素，这对痴呆症护理和研究的全球议程至关重要。
