Faculty of Biosciences, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Pan African University Institute for Basic Sciences, Technology and Innovation (PAUSTI), JKUAT-Juja Campus, Juja, Kenya.
PLoS One. 2024 Oct 30;19(10):e0313003. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0313003. eCollection 2024.
Medical professionals continue to face a severe issue with the evolution of resistance to conventional antibiotics. The search for new novel compounds from plants has been proven to be the alternative solution. Morinda citrifolia is used traditionally for the treatment of infectious diseases. The present study investigates the antibacterial properties of M. citrifolia root, leaf, and fruit (fresh, dried, and fermented) extracts on three-gram-positive and five-gram-negative bacteria. The plant parts were processed and extracted in distilled water and ethanol (60%, 80%, and absolute (100%)). The antibacterial activities of the extracts were assessed in vitro using the agar well diffusion method, with Ciprofloxacin serving as the positive control. All the tests were conducted three times to obtain the average value of inhibition zones. Overall, root extracts showed the most significant antibacterial activity, followed by dried fruit, fermented fruit extract, fresh fruit, and the least leaf extract. Using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc tests, the statistical analysis revealed significant differences in antibacterial activity among the extracts and solvent concentrations. The 100% ethanol extracts had significantly higher zones of inhibition compared to the other solvents. The most inhibitory activity was against Campylobacter spp. (21.33±1.80) for the 80% ethanol root extract. All the extracts of M. citrifolia were found to exhibit moderate antibacterial activity against all the bacteria pathogens. However, Enterococcus faecium, Campylobacter spp., and Bacillus cereus were most sensitive to all the plant extracts while Shigella spp. and Klebsiella spp. showed resistance to most extracts. This observed difference is significant for each strain extract depending on the bacteria strain and the type of solvent extract (p < 0.001). The findings indicate a promising antimicrobial potential of M. citrifolia extracts.
医学专业人员继续面临着抗生素耐药性演变的严重问题。从植物中寻找新的化合物已被证明是一种替代解决方案。菝葜传统上用于治疗传染病。本研究调查了桑椹根、叶和果实（新鲜、干燥和发酵）提取物对三种革兰氏阳性菌和五种革兰氏阴性菌的抗菌特性。将植物部分用蒸馏水和乙醇（60%、80%和 100%）加工和提取。采用琼脂孔扩散法体外评估提取物的抗菌活性，以环丙沙星作为阳性对照。所有试验均重复三次，以获得抑菌圈的平均值。总体而言，根提取物表现出最强的抗菌活性，其次是干果实、发酵果实提取物、新鲜果实，而叶提取物的活性最低。使用单因素方差分析和 Tukey 事后检验进行统计分析，结果表明提取物和溶剂浓度之间的抗菌活性存在显著差异。100%乙醇提取物的抑菌圈明显大于其他溶剂。对弯曲菌属（21.33±1.80）的抑制活性最强，为 80%乙醇根提取物。所有桑椹提取物对所有病原菌均表现出中等抗菌活性。然而，屎肠球菌、弯曲菌属和蜡样芽孢杆菌对所有植物提取物最敏感，而志贺氏菌属和肺炎克雷伯菌属对大多数提取物表现出耐药性。这种观察到的差异对于每种菌株提取物在不同细菌菌株和溶剂类型下都具有统计学意义（p<0.001）。研究结果表明，桑椹提取物具有潜在的抗菌作用。
