The purpose of this study was to assess the dietary consumption patterns of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) among the population in Guangdong province. Employing a cross-sectional design, the survey was conducted from 2019 to 2021 to examine the inclusion of TCM in the diet of participants in Guangdong province. Information regarding consumption of TCM during the preceding 12 months was collected using a food frequency questionnaire. The participant cohort comprised a total of 3031 participants, consisting of 1081 Cantonese, 967 Hakka, and 983 Teochew individuals. The survey included 42 TCM, with consumption rates ranging from 2.6% to 47.3%. The top five TCM comprised Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (47.3%), Lonicerae Japonicae Flos (47.0%), Codonopsis Radix (46.4%), Polygonati Odorati Rhizoma (43.1%), and Siraitiae Fructus (41.5%), along with Panacis Quinquefolii Radix (41.5%). These TCM possess recognized therapeutic properties within TCM for clearing heat, drying dampness, and detoxification. Within the top decile of 10 TCM, only Lonicerae Japonicae Flos was ubiquitous across all three sub-populations. Nonetheless, 11 TCM from the top 20 and 17 TCM from the top 30 overlapped among the three sub-populations. The study revealed substantial variability in the consumption rates of different TCM. Notably, those with traditional Chinese medicine effects of clearing heat, drying dampness, and detoxification exhibited higher consumption rates. Disparities in the consumption rates of these TCM were noted among the Cantonese, Hakka, and Teochew populations.