Staadecker Martin, Szinai Julia, Sánchez-Pérez Pedro A, Kurtz Sarah, Hidalgo-Gonzalez Patricia
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
Division of Engineering Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nat Commun. 2024 Nov 3;15(1):9501. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-53274-6.
Long-duration energy storage (LDES) is a key resource in enabling zero-emissions electricity grids but its role within different types of grids is not well understood. Using the Switch capacity expansion model, we model a zero-emissions Western Interconnect with high geographical resolution to understand the value of LDES under 39 scenarios with different generation mixes, transmission expansion, storage costs, and storage mandates. We find that a) LDES is particularly valuable in majority wind-powered regions and regions with diminishing hydropower generation, b) seasonal operation of storage becomes cost-effective if storage capital costs fall below US$5 kWh, and c) mandating the installation of enough LDES to enable year-long storage cycles would reduce electricity prices during times of high demand by over 70%. Given the asset and resource diversity of the Western Interconnect, our results can provide grid planners in many regions with guidance on how LDES impacts and is impacted by energy storage mandates, investments in LDES research and development, and generation mix and transmission expansion decisions.
长时储能（LDES）是实现零排放电网的关键资源，但其在不同类型电网中的作用尚未得到充分理解。我们使用Switch容量扩展模型，以高地理分辨率对零排放的西部互联电网进行建模，以了解在39种不同发电组合、输电扩展、储能成本和储能要求的情景下长时储能的价值。我们发现：a）长时储能在风力发电占主导的地区以及水电发电量减少的地区特别有价值；b）如果储能资本成本降至每千瓦时5美元以下，储能的季节性运行将变得具有成本效益；c）强制安装足够的长时储能以实现全年储能循环，将使高需求时期的电价降低70%以上。鉴于西部互联电网的资产和资源多样性，我们的结果可为许多地区的电网规划者提供指导，说明长时储能如何受到储能要求、长时储能研发投资以及发电组合和输电扩展决策的影响，以及它如何影响这些方面。
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