Shanghai University of Sport School of Athletic Performance, NO. 399, Changhai Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
Sci Rep. 2024 Nov 4;14(1):26586. doi: 10.1038/s41598-024-77564-7.
The purpose of this study was to compare the joint, racket, and ball kinematics between the different levels of male tennis players in tennis serve-return at slow and high serve speeds. Thirty male tennis players were divided into an advanced group (n = 15) and an intermediate group (n = 15) based on skill level. The advanced group and intermediate group matched shake hand-grip players performed serve-receive test at the different serve speeds. Kinematic data were collected on the trunk, upper limbs, racket and ball to compare the differences between the advanced and intermediate groups at different serve speeds. At both serve speeds, the AG has faster racket speed and ball speed, and is closer to the baseline placement (p<0.05). It is characterized by a faster trunk turn, greater speed with the shoulder joint forward and outward and greater angle of wrist flexion and extension during the stroke (p<0.05), and greater speed with the forearm inward and internal rotation during the follow-through swing, at the same time, there is a difference in the angle of the racket to the ground between the advanced group and an intermediate group(p<0.05). Elbow internal rotation and abduction angular velocity in the backswing phase, Timing of peak racket resultant velocity and Wrist extension in the stroke phase, and shoulder and elbow joint activities in the follow-through phase were significantly correlated with the ball speed of the return. With faster serve speeds, higher quality serve-receive can be achieved by shortening the duration of the backswing lifting the upper arm and rotating the forearm inward quickly, accelerating the speed of movement of wrist joints at the impact phase, adjusting the speed of shoulder adduction and elbow internal rotation to complete the follow-through swing. These findings help to improve elite players' serve-receive skills at faster serve speed.
本研究旨在比较不同水平男性网球运动员在慢速和快速发球接发球时的关节、球拍和球的运动学。根据技能水平，将 30 名男性网球运动员分为高级组（n=15）和中级组（n=15）。高级组和中级组匹配 Shake 握拍者，在不同发球速度下进行发球接发球测试。收集躯干、上肢、球拍和球的运动学数据，以比较不同发球速度下高级组和中级组之间的差异。在两种发球速度下，AG 的球拍速度和球速更快，并且更靠近底线（p<0.05）。它的特点是躯干转动更快，肩部向前向外的速度更快，击球时腕关节的屈伸角度更大（p<0.05），随挥时前臂向内和内旋速度更快，同时，高级组和中级组的球拍与地面的夹角也存在差异（p<0.05）。后摆阶段的肘部内旋和外展角速度、球拍最终速度峰值的时间和击球阶段的腕关节伸展、随挥阶段的肩部和肘部关节活动与回球速度显著相关。随着发球速度的加快，可以通过缩短后摆提升上臂的持续时间和快速向内旋转前臂、加速击球阶段腕关节的运动速度、调整肩内收和肘部内旋的速度来完成随挥动作，从而实现更高质量的发球接发球。这些发现有助于提高精英运动员在更快发球速度下的发球接发球技能。
