Hussen Bashdar M, Taheri Mohammad, Yashooa Raya Kh, Abdullah Gaylany H, Abdullah Snur R, Kheder Ramiar Kamal, Mustafa Suhad A
Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil.
Department of Clinical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
Int J Surg. 2024 Dec 1;110(12):8002-8024. doi: 10.1097/JS9.0000000000002109.
Stem-cell therapy is a revolutionary frontier in modern medicine, offering enormous capacity to transform the treatment landscape of numerous debilitating illnesses and injuries. This review examines the revolutionary frontier of treatments utilizing stem cells, highlighting the distinctive abilities of stem cells to undergo regeneration and specialized cell differentiation into a wide variety of phenotypes. This paper aims to guide researchers, physicians, and stakeholders through the intricate terrain of stem-cell therapy, examining the processes, applications, and challenges inherent in utilizing stem cells across diverse medical disciplines. The historical journey from foundational contributions in the late 19th and early 20th centuries to recent breakthroughs, including ESC isolation and iPSC discovery, has set the stage for monumental leaps in medical science. Stem cells' regenerative potential spans embryonic, adult, induced pluripotent, and perinatal stages, offering unprecedented therapeutic opportunities in cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular ailments, spinal cord injuries, diabetes, and tissue damage. However, difficulties, such as immunological rejection, tumorigenesis, and precise manipulation of stem-cell behavior, necessitate comprehensive exploration and innovative solutions. This manuscript summarizes recent biotechnological advancements, critical trial evaluations, and emerging technologies, providing a nuanced understanding of the triumphs, difficulties, and future trajectories in stem cell-based regenerative medicine. Future directions, including precision medicine integration, immune modulation strategies, advancements in gene-editing technologies, and bioengineering synergy, offer a roadmap in stem cell treatment. The focus on stem-cell therapy's potential highlights its significant influence on contemporary medicine and points to a future in which individualized regenerative therapies will alleviate various medical disorders.
干细胞疗法是现代医学中的一个革命性前沿领域，具有巨大潜力来改变众多使人衰弱的疾病和损伤的治疗格局。本综述探讨了利用干细胞进行治疗的革命性前沿领域，强调了干细胞进行再生以及分化为多种表型的特殊细胞的独特能力。本文旨在引导研究人员、医生和利益相关者穿越干细胞疗法的复杂领域，审视在不同医学学科中利用干细胞所固有的过程、应用和挑战。从19世纪末和20世纪初的基础性贡献到近期的突破，包括胚胎干细胞的分离和诱导多能干细胞的发现，这一历史进程为医学科学的巨大飞跃奠定了基础。干细胞的再生潜力涵盖胚胎、成人、诱导多能和围产期阶段，在癌症、神经退行性疾病、心血管疾病、脊髓损伤、糖尿病和组织损伤等方面提供了前所未有的治疗机会。然而，诸如免疫排斥、肿瘤发生以及对干细胞行为的精确操控等困难，需要进行全面探索并找到创新解决方案。本手稿总结了近期的生物技术进展、关键试验评估和新兴技术，对基于干细胞的再生医学的成就、困难和未来发展轨迹提供了细致入微的理解。未来的方向，包括精准医学整合、免疫调节策略、基因编辑技术的进步以及生物工程协同作用，为干细胞治疗提供了路线图。对干细胞疗法潜力的关注凸显了其对当代医学的重大影响，并指向一个个性化再生疗法将缓解各种医学病症的未来。
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