在莫利-萨尼研究中，超加工食品的消费与生物衰老加速有关。

Ultra-processed food consumption is associated with the acceleration of biological aging in the Moli-sani Study.

作者信息

Esposito Simona, Gialluisi Alessandro, Di Castelnuovo Augusto, Costanzo Simona, Pepe Antonietta, Ruggiero Emilia, De Curtis Amalia, Persichillo Mariarosaria, Cerletti Chiara, Donati Maria Benedetta, de Gaetano Giovanni, Iacoviello Licia, Bonaccio Marialaura

机构信息

Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli IS, Italy.

Research Unit of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli IS, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Casamassima BA, Italy.

出版信息

Am J Clin Nutr. 2024 Dec;120(6):1432-1440. doi: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.006. Epub 2024 Nov 4.

DOI:10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.10.006

PMID:39500680

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Healthy diets have been inversely associated with biological aging. However, the nutritional content is only one aspect of the overall food health potential, and more recently, increasing attention has been paid to nonnutrient food characteristics, such as food processing.

OBJECTIVES

To examine the association of ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption with biological aging measured by circulating blood biomarkers.

METHODS

Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on 22,495 participants enrolled in the Moli-sani Study (2005-2010, Italy). Food intake was assessed by a 188-item food frequency questionnaire. UPF was defined according to the Nova classification and calculated as the ratio (weight ratio; %) between UPF (g/d) and total food eaten (g/d). Diet quality was assessed by the Mediterranean Diet Score (MDS; ranging 0-9). A deep neural network approach based on 36 circulating biomarkers was used to compute biological age (BA), and the resulting difference (Δage = BA - chronological age)-an index of biological aging-was tested as dependent variable in multivariable linear regression analyses including known risk factors.

RESULTS

The mean Δage in this population was -0.70 (standard deviation ±7.70) years. In multivariable-adjusted analyses, higher intake of UPF was associated with accelerated Δage [β = 0.34 years; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.08, 0.61 for the last fifth compared with the first). This association was not linear (P value for overall association <0.001; P value for nonlinearity = 0.049). Inclusion of the MDS into the model slightly attenuated this association by 9.1% (β = 0.31 years; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.59).

CONCLUSIONS

A diet rich in UPF was associated with an acceleration of biological aging in a large sample of Italian adults. The poor nutritional composition of highly processed foods weakly accounted for this association, suggesting that biological aging could be adversely influenced by nonnutrient characteristics of these foods.

摘要

背景

健康饮食与生物衰老呈负相关。然而，营养成分只是食物整体健康潜力的一个方面，最近，人们越来越关注非营养性食物特征，如食品加工。

目的

通过循环血液生物标志物来研究超加工食品（UPF）消费与生物衰老之间的关联。

方法

对参加莫利萨尼研究（2005 - 2010年，意大利）的22495名参与者进行横断面分析。通过一份包含188个条目的食物频率问卷评估食物摄入量。UPF根据诺瓦分类法定义，并计算为UPF（克/天）与所吃食物总量（克/天）之间的比率（重量比；%）。饮食质量通过地中海饮食评分（MDS；范围0 - 9）进行评估。使用基于36种循环生物标志物的深度神经网络方法计算生物年龄（BA），并将所得差异（Δ年龄 = BA - 实际年龄）——生物衰老指数——作为多变量线性回归分析中的因变量进行测试，分析中纳入了已知风险因素。

结果

该人群的平均Δ年龄为 - 0.70（标准差±7.70）岁。在多变量调整分析中，较高的UPF摄入量与加速的Δ年龄相关[β = 0.34岁；95%置信区间（CI）：与第一个五分位数相比，最后一个五分位数为0.08，0.61]。这种关联不是线性的（总体关联的P值<0.001；非线性的P值 = 0.049）。将MDS纳入模型后，这种关联略有减弱，减弱了9.1%（β = 0.31岁；95%CI：0.04，0.59）。