Saha Sushmita, Alshammari Abdulrahman, Albekairi Norah A, Zulfiquar Tasniya Nahiyan, Shakil Md Salman, Mondal Kakoli Rani, Kundu Milton Kumar, Mondal Milon, Mubarak Mohammad S
Department of Pharmacy, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Front Pharmacol. 2024 Oct 22;15:1463922. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1463922. eCollection 2024.
Medicinal plants are vital to healthcare, yet many remain unexplored. Hook.f., from Bangladesh's Bhawal Forest, lacks research on its medicinal properties, especially its antioxidant capacities and protection against CCl-induced liver toxicity. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant properties of leaf extract to determine its protective effects on rodents against CCl-induced liver injury.
After extraction, the total phenol, flavonoid content, and antioxidant capacity of the leaf extract were measured using established protocols. Free radical scavenging abilities were evaluated with 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), nitric oxide (NO) assays. Additionally, reducing power was assessed through cupric-reducing and ferric-reducing assays. Based on the OECD 420 recommendation, acute toxicity was tested on Swiss albino mice to establish an effective and safe dosage. For the hepatoprotective study, Sprague-Dawley rats were pre-treated with leaf methanolic extract (MTLM) at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight, and CCl was administered to induce liver damage. Serum hepatic enzyme levels (alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT)), lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides), total bilirubin, and markers of lipid peroxidation (Malondialdehyde (MDA)) were measured. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH) were also evaluated to assess oxidative stress.
The results demonstrated that MTLM, rich in phenolic and flavonoid content, exhibits significant antioxidant activities in DPPH and NO radical scavenging assays, as well as in reducing power assays. The acute toxicity study confirmed the safety of MTLM, with no adverse effects observed even at high doses. For the hepatoprotective study, rats were administered CCl to induce liver damage, followed by treatment with MTLM. Results showed that MTLM significantly reduces liver damage markers such as elevated serum hepatic enzyme levels, lipid profile, total bilirubin, and lipid peroxidation and improves the activities of GSH and key antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT. Histopathological analysis corroborated these findings, displaying reduced necrosis, inflammation, and edema in liver tissues treated with MTLM.
MTLM extract exhibits potent antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties. Its ability to attenuate oxidative stress, enhance antioxidant enzyme activities, and facilitate histopathological changes in the liver highlights its potential as a natural therapeutic agent for liver damage. However, further investigation is required to understand its molecular processes, safety profiles, and active component characterization.
药用植物对医疗保健至关重要，但许多仍未被探索。来自孟加拉国巴瓦尔森林的Hook.f.缺乏对其药用特性的研究，尤其是其抗氧化能力以及对四氯化碳诱导的肝毒性的保护作用。本研究旨在评估叶提取物的抗氧化特性，以确定其对啮齿动物四氯化碳诱导的肝损伤的保护作用。
提取后，使用既定方案测量叶提取物的总酚、黄酮含量和抗氧化能力。通过2,2'-二苯基-1-苦基肼（DPPH）、一氧化氮（NO）测定评估自由基清除能力。此外，通过铜还原和铁还原测定评估还原能力。根据经合组织420建议，对瑞士白化小鼠进行急性毒性测试，以确定有效且安全的剂量。对于肝保护研究，将Sprague-Dawley大鼠用250和500毫克/千克体重的叶甲醇提取物（MTLM）进行预处理，然后给予四氯化碳以诱导肝损伤。测量血清肝酶水平（丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、碱性磷酸酶（ALP）、γ-谷氨酰转移酶（GGT））、血脂谱（总胆固醇、甘油三酯）、总胆红素和脂质过氧化标志物（丙二醛（MDA））。还评估了抗氧化酶的活性，包括超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和谷胱甘肽（GSH），以评估氧化应激。
结果表明，富含酚类和黄酮类成分的MTLM在DPPH和NO自由基清除测定以及还原能力测定中表现出显著的抗氧化活性。急性毒性研究证实了MTLM的安全性，即使在高剂量下也未观察到不良反应。对于肝保护研究，给大鼠施用四氯化碳以诱导肝损伤，然后用MTLM进行治疗。结果表明，MTLM显著降低了肝损伤标志物，如血清肝酶水平升高、血脂谱、总胆红素和脂质过氧化，并提高了GSH以及关键抗氧化酶如SOD和CAT的活性。组织病理学分析证实了这些发现，显示用MTLM处理的肝组织中坏死、炎症和水肿减少。
MTLM提取物具有强大的抗氧化和肝保护特性。其减轻氧化应激、增强抗氧化酶活性以及促进肝脏组织病理学变化的能力突出了其作为肝损伤天然治疗剂的潜力。然而，需要进一步研究以了解其分子过程、安全性概况和活性成分特征。
